数字经济发展驱动创业活跃度——基于国家大数据综合试验区的准自然实验  

How Does the Development of the Digital Economy Drive Entrepreneurship?

作　　者：狄嘉 孙朋飞 苑春荟[1] 李晓龙[1] DI Jia;SUN Pengfei;YUAN Chunhui;LI Xiaolong(School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications;School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学经济管理学院 [2]清华大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2025年第1期157-177,共21页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(24YJC630188);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目的资助。

摘　　要：在经济增长的新常态下,数字经济释放了新增长动能,为创业活动注入新活力。本文以2010~2020年中国企业工商注册信息数据为样本,实证研究发现,国家级大数据综合试验区的设立解释了城市—行业层面4.77%的创业增长。作用机制检验表明,大数据综合试验区的设立促进了技术创新和商业模式创新,降低了创业的融资成本、制度成本和人力成本,进而激发了企业创业的积极性。从企业规模的视角进行考察,中小企业是政策激励的主体。划分行业类型后发现,这种增长主要体现在产业数字化部门,尤其是制造业中的高新技术产业。此外,考虑行业进入壁垒的因素,研究还发现市场集中度和国有企业占比较低、人才技术能力较强的行业受政策激励的作用更明显。本文对探索新常态下经济增长新动力具有积极的实践意义。Entrepreneurship has always been a key strategy for maintaining economic vitality and fostering employment. Exploring new entrepreneurial dynamics mobilizing regional and industrial entrepreneurial activity to sustain economic transformation, has been a focal point for academia and practitioners. Since the pioneering work of Low and MacMillan(1988), who innovatively combined entrepreneurship with ecological theory, scholars have increasingly focused on the significance of a favorable institutional, economic, and capital market environment for potential entrepreneurs' decisionmaking. However, in recent years, China's economy has entered a “new normal,” transitioning from high-speed growth to medium-to-high-speed growth. Over the past four decades, the slowdown of extensive economic growth and rapid urbanization has exerted downward pressure on economic growth.During the period from 2010 to 2020, the GDP growth rate showed a gradual decline year by year.Therefore, from the perspective of macroeconomic growth expectations, the entrepreneurial environment faces significant challenges, and potential entrepreneurs may encounter more intense market competition and lower success rates. In contrast, despite the economic slowdown, entrepreneurial activities in China remain active and show an expanding trend. As research based on the theory of the innovation ecosystem deepens, many scholars have provided explanations for the sustained growth of entrepreneurship in China, including the ongoing vibrancy of innovation, gradual improvement of the financial system, and the refinement of administrative approval systems. However, in contrast to the increasingly prominent role of the digital economy in China's economic development over the past decade, existing literature does not yet provide a comprehensive explanation for the continued vibrancy of entrepreneurial activities in China from the perspective of digital economic development.In the evolving landscape of the Chinese economy, the last decade has witnessed the rise of

关 键 词：数字经济 创业机会 创业成本 中小企业 创新 

分 类 号：F293[经济管理—国民经济]