美国科技外交走向:协同还是胁迫?——基于拜登政府的考察  

Trends in US Tech Diplomacy:Collaborative or Coercive?-Analysis Based on Biden Administration

作　　者：王丽 Wang Li(Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际经济合作》2025年第1期33-44,91,共13页Journal of International Economic Cooperation

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)(编号:23XNH041)。

摘　　要：科技已成为大国战略竞争的“战场”,美国越来越频繁地通过科技外交来捍卫国家安全利益。科技外交的概念由来已久,拜登政府的外交实践赋予了美国科技外交新的内涵。根据作用对象、战略目标与实施手段等维度的差异,美国科技外交表现为强调联合的协同型科技外交、强调竞争的胁迫型科技外交和强调价值观的援助型科技外交三种形态。其中,协同型科技外交的表现最为突出,国际影响最为广泛,在捍卫科技霸权方面具有统领作用。当前,美国的协同型科技外交以欧盟、日韩及印度等其他亚太国家为中心点,分别聚焦于人工智能、太空、半导体等关键新兴技术领域,并持续推进聚焦型、复合型以及综合型多边科技外交机制,试图达到提升美国国内科技实力与增强国际技术声望的双重目标。同时,美国的协同型科技外交也面临盟友协调性、机制约束性以及政策持续性等挑战。As technology has emerged as the critical arena for strategic competition among great powers,the US is increasingly using tech diplomacy to defend its national security interests.The concept of tech diplomacy has a long history,and the diplomatic practices of the Biden administration have imparted new dimensions to this concept.Based on differences in objects of action,strategic goals,and implementation approaches,the US tech diplomacy is manifested in three forms:collaborative,coercive,and aid-based,which respectively emphasize coalition,competition,and values.Among them,collaborative tech diplomacy plays a leading role in defending the US technological hegemony,with the most outstanding performance and the most extensive international influence.At present,the US collaborative tech diplomacy,with the European Union,Japan,South Korea,India and other Asia-Pacific countries as the central pivot,focuses on key emerging technology fields such as artificial intelligence,space,and semiconductors.It continues to promote focused,synthesized,and comprehensive multilateral tech diplomacy mechanisms,attempting to achieve the dual goals of enhancing domestic technological strength and increasing international technological reputation.Meanwhile,the US collaborative tech diplomacy also faces challenges such as partner coordination,mechanism constraints,and policy continuity.

关 键 词：美国外交 大国竞争 协同型科技外交 技术联盟 拜登政府 特朗普 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] F171.2[政治法律—外交学]