欧盟基础设施援助政策、实践和挑战  

European Union's Infrastructure Aid:Policies,Practices and Challenges

作　　者：张超 陈小宁[2] Zhang Chao;Chen Xiaoning(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所 [2]商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院

出　　处：《国际经济合作》2025年第1期79-89,93,共12页Journal of International Economic Cooperation

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“美欧‘互联互通倡议’对共建‘一带一路’的影响研究”(编号:22CGJ043)。

摘　　要：基础设施援助是援助方帮助受援国开展基础设施建设的重要方式。欧盟是全球最大的发展援助资金提供方之一,对发展中国家基础设施建设投入了大量资源。欧盟的基础设施援助强调发挥私营部门的作用,重视受援国相关能力的培养以及与其他援助方和金融机构等的协调,对改善发展中国家基础设施状况起到了一定作用。但是,欧盟在基础设施援助中突出价值观导向、高标准及自身地缘政治和经济目标,并过于依赖私营部门,限制了援助效果的发挥。从根本上说,欧盟将发展中国家的基础设施市场当作其价值观的“倾销地”和地缘政治野心的“试验场”,将自身地缘政治和经济利益置于发展中国家的发展利益之上,最终损害发展中国家的利益。Infrastructure aid is an important way for donors to help recipients in infrastructure development.The European Union(EU)is one of the world's largest aid donors,and has invested significant resources in infrastructure development in developing countries.The EU's infrastructure aid underlines the role of the private sector,recipients'capacity building,and coordination with other donors and financial institutions,and has fostered infrastructure development in developing countries.However,the EU stresses value orientation,high standards and its own geopolitical and economic goals in its infrastructure aid,and has been overdependent on the private sector,which undercuts the aid effectiveness.Fundamentally,the EU treats the infrastructure market of developing countries as a"dumping ground"for its values and a"testing ground"for its geopolitical ambitions,and prioritizes its geopolitical and economic interests over the interests of developing countries.This is ultimately detrimental to the interests of developing countries.

关 键 词：欧盟 发展援助 基础设施 “全球门户”计划 “一带一路” 

分 类 号：F114.4[经济管理—国际贸易] F283[经济管理—世界经济]