饲粮添加非淀粉多糖酶对三层立体笼养肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、养分代谢率及氮排放的影响  

Effects of Dietary Non-starch Polysaccharide Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Nutrient Metabolizability,and Nitrogen Emission in Meat Ducks Reared in Three-dimensional Cages

作　　者：徐彤 王宁 郭艳红 王岐蒙 曹俊婷 吴永保[1,2] 周正奎 闻治国[1] 侯水生[2] XU Tong;WANG Ning;GUO Yanhong;WANG Qimeng;CAO Junting;WU Yongbao;ZHOU Zhengkui;WEN Zhiguo;HOU Shuisheng(Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Feed Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Animal Science of CAAS,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第2期605-614,共10页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1301800);国家水禽产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-42-10);中国农业科学院饲料研究所创新工程任务(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-13、CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202301、CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202403)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究饲粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对三层立体笼养肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、养分代谢率及氮排放的影响。[方法]试验采用2×3双因子试验设计,设置2个饲粮复合非淀粉多糖酶添加水平(0和500 mg/kg),3个饲养笼层位(上层、中层和下层,距离地面高度分别为1.8、1.2和0.6 m)。将体重大小一致、健康的21日龄北京鸭840只随机分为6个处理组,每个处理组10个重复,每个重复14只(公母各半),饲养阶段为21~42日龄。饲养试验结束后,记录42日龄北京鸭(空腹6 h)的体重和采食量,计算22~42日龄试验鸭平均体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比;采集42日龄北京鸭胸肌、腿肌、腹脂并称重,计算胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率;于试验鸭第41、42日龄收集试验肉鸭排泄物,计算营养物质表观代谢率。[结果](1)随着饲养笼的层位下移,肉鸭42日龄体重、22~42日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著降低(P<0.05);饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶可显著降低22~42日龄肉鸭平均日采食量和料重比(P<0.05)。(2)饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶和饲养笼层位对肉鸭胸肌、腿肌、腹脂重量和比率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)随着饲养笼的层位下移,肉鸭粗蛋白质代谢率极显著降低(P<0.01);饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶极显著提高肉鸭能量、粗蛋白质和干物质代谢率(P<0.01),且饲粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶和饲养笼层位对肉鸭粗蛋白质代谢率存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。(4)随着饲养笼的层位下移,肉鸭粗蛋白质和氮摄入量极显著降低(P<0.01),氮排出量极显著升高(P<0.01);饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶极显著降低肉鸭粗蛋白质摄入量和氮排放量(P<0.01)。[结论]在肉鸭立体笼养中,饲粮中添加复合非淀粉多糖酶可降低育肥期肉鸭采食量和料重比以及提高干物质、能量和粗蛋白质代谢率,降低粗蛋白质摄入量和氮排放量;饲养笼层位显�[Objective]The study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with non-starch polysaccharide(NSP)enzymes on the growth performance,slaughter performance,nutrient metabolizability,and nitrogen emission of meat ducks reared in three-dimensional cages.[Method]A 2×3 factorial experiment was designed,with two levels of dietary NSP enzyme supplementation(0 and 500 mg/kg)and three cage positions(upper,middle,and lower),corresponding to heights of 1.8,1.2,and 0.6 m above the ground.A total of 840 healthy 21-day-old Pekin ducks of similar body weight were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups,with 10 replicates per group and 14 ducks per replicate(equal numbers of males and females).The experimental period lasted from 21 to 42 days of age.After feeding,the body weight and feed intake of 42-day-old Pekin ducks(fasting for 6 h)were recorded,and the average body weight and average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio(F/G)of 21 to 42 days old ducks were calculated.The breast muscle,leg muscle and abdominal fat of 42-day-old Pekin ducks were collected and weighed,and the breast muscle percentage,leg muscle percentage and abdominal fat percentage were calculated.The excreta of the ducks at the 41 and 42 days of age was collected and the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients was calculated.[Result]①As the cage position decreased,the body weight at 42-day-old,average daily gain,and daily feed intake of meat ducks from 22 to 42 days of age were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake and F/G of meat ducks from 22 to 42 days of age were significantly reduced when NSP enzymes were added to the feed(P<0.05).②Neither dietary NSP enzyme supplementation nor cage location significantly affected the weight or ratio of breast muscle,leg muscle,and abdominal fat(P>0.05).③As the cage location decreased,crude protein metabolizability were extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01).The metabolizability of energy,crude protein,and dry matter were extremely significantly impr

关 键 词：非淀粉多糖酶 饲养笼层位 养分代谢率 氮排放 北京鸭 

分 类 号：S834.81[农业科学—畜牧学]