沼泽红假单胞菌的生物学功能及其在水产养殖中的研究进展  

Biological Functions of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Its Research Progress in Aquaculture

作　　者：郑杰秋 邢东旭[1] 李庆荣[1] 黎尔纳 符兵 廖森泰[1] 邹宇晓[1,2] 周东来 ZHENG Jieqiu;XING Dongxu;LI Qingrong;LI Erna;FU Bing;LIAO Sentai;ZOU Yuxiao;ZHOU Donglai(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing,Key Laboratory of Functional Foods,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,农业农村部功能食品重点实验室,广东省农产品加工重点实验室,广州510640 [2]仲恺农业工程学院,广州510225

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第2期707-717,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202201010474);广东省农业科学院创新基金项目(202113);2023年高水平广东省农业科技示范市建设资金项目(2320060002429);2021年省乡村振兴战略专项资金(“大专项+任务清单”)项目(江科[2021]183号)。

摘　　要：沼泽红假单胞菌作为一种益生菌,不仅代谢功能强大,而且营养丰富,富含多种氨基酸、维生素、类胡萝卜素和辅酶Q等生物活性物质,具有多种生物功能。一方面,沼泽红假单胞菌可以通过产生相应的代谢酶来降解和同化水体中的氮、磷等化合物,从而净化水质;另一方面,沼泽红假单胞菌通过提供营养物质、提高消化酶活性和增加肠道有益菌丰度,从而促进水产动物生长。此外,沼泽红假单胞菌可以通过提高免疫相关酶活性来增强非特异性免疫、调节信号转导通路来激活特异性免疫和产生抗菌物质或竞争生态位来抑制病原菌生长,从而增强水产动物的抗病性。在水产集约化养殖模式和饲料“禁抗”背景下,沼泽红假单胞菌因具有改善水质、提高动物生长性能和增强免疫力等重要功能,作为水质净化剂和饲料添加剂被广泛应用于水产养殖中。笔者系统总结了沼泽红假单胞菌在水产养殖中的研究进展,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为沼泽红假单胞菌在水产养殖中的深入研究和应用提供参考。As a probiotic,Rhodopseudomonas palustris is not only metabolically robust but also rich in a variety of amino acids,vitamins,carotenoids,coenzyme Q,and other bioactive substances.It exhibits numerous biological functions.On the one hand,Rhodopseudomonas palustris can purify water by degrading and assimilating nitrogen,phosphorus,and other compounds through the production of specific metabolic enzymes.On the other hand,it promotes the growth of aquatic animals by providing essential nutrients,enhancing digestive enzyme activities,and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria.Moreover,Rhodopseudomonas palustris boosts the disease resistance of aquatic animals by enhancing the activity of immune-related enzymes to strengthen non-specific immunity,modulating signaling pathways to activate specific immunity,and producing antimicrobial substances or competing for ecological niches to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.Given the context of intensive aquaculture practices and the feed additive restrictions,Rhodopseudomonas palustris is widely utilized in aquaculture as a water purifier and feed additive due to its critical functions of improving water quality,enhancing animal growth performance,and strengthening immunity.The authors systematically reviewed the research progress on Rhodopseudomonas palustris in aquaculture,offering insights into future research directions and serving as a reference for further studies on its application in this field.

关 键 词：沼泽红假单胞菌 水产养殖 水体净化 促生长 免疫增强 

分 类 号：S8163[农业科学—饲料科学]