猫哮喘诊断与治疗的临床研究进展  

Clinical Research Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Feline Asthma

作　　者：路心怡 杨洛 江蓝 王炜 俞峰 刘波[1] LU Xinyi;YANG Luo;JIANG Lan;WANG Wei;YU Feng;LIU Bo(College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第2期959-965,共7页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：中国农业大学基本科研业务费项目(2018QC165)。

摘　　要：猫哮喘是一种由过敏原引起的下呼吸道嗜酸性粒细胞炎性疾病,临床表现为反复发作的咳嗽、呼吸急促甚至呼吸困难。猫哮喘的病理机制与人类高Th2型哮喘类似,患猫出现气道高反应性变化、黏蛋白基因高度表达和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。目前猫哮喘尚无公认的诊断指南,慢性支气管炎与其有极为相似的临床症状和影像学表现,是临床诊断中应重点排查的方向。哮喘患猫胸部X线片最常见的异常表现为支气管型或支气管间质型,支气管灌洗液可见嗜酸性粒细胞炎症。新型诊断方法中,呼出气冷凝液分析和气压全身体积描记术属于无创性诊断,并且可用于清醒状态下的患猫,在标准化呼出气冷凝液生物标志物和气压全身体积描记术的参数参考范围后,两种新型诊断方案有望应用于宠物猫临床。临床常用的治疗药物为皮质类固醇,在患猫支气管痉挛时使用支气管扩张剂。新型治疗方案中,冲击免疫疗法针对过敏原建立免疫耐受机制,从过敏性炎症级联初始阶段进行治疗,是有望彻底治愈哮喘的新型治疗技术。新型的诊断与治疗技术目前在宠物猫中的研究较少,多用于实验室建立的猫哮喘模型,在应用于宠物猫临床之前,仍需更多的临床数据。Feline asthma is an eosinophilic inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory tract caused by allergens.The clinical manifestations are recurrent cough,shortness of breath,and even dyspnea.The pathological mechanism of feline asthma is similar to that of human high-Th2 asthma,with airway hyperreactive changes,high expression of mucin genes,and eosinophil infiltration.At present,there are no accepted diagnostic guidelines for feline asthma.Chronic bronchitis in the differential diagnosis is very similar to its clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations,and should be the focus of clinical diagnosis.Asthma risk of cat in chest X-ray films showed bronchial or bronchial stroma,bronchial lavage visible eosinophil inflammation.Among the new diagnostic methods,exhaled breath condensate analysis and barometric whole body plethysmography are non-invasive diagnostic methods and can be used in cats in the awake state.After the standardization of exhaled breath condensate biomarkers and barometric whole body plethysmography,the two new diagnostic methods are expected to be applied in the clinical practice of pet cats.Clinical commonly used drugs to corticosteroids,use bronchodilator in cat bronchospasm.Among the new treatment options,rush immunotherapy is a new treatment technology that is expected to completely cure asthma by establishing immune tolerance mechanism for allergens and treating from the initial stage of the allergic inflammation cascade.At present,there are few studies on new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in pet cats,and most of them are used in feline asthma models established in laboratory.More clinical data are still needed before they can be applied to clinical practice in pet cats.

关 键 词：猫哮喘 嗜酸性粒细胞气道炎 下呼吸道疾病 

分 类 号：S858.293[农业科学—临床兽医学]