单位犯罪归责论:从单位主观罪过出发  

Corporate Crime Attribution Theory:From the Perspective of Corporate Subjective Fault

作　　者：马卫军 魏同强 Ma Weijun;Wei Tongqiang(School of Law,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730000)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学法学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《山东警察学院学报》2024年第5期5-18,共14页Journal of Shandong Police College

基　　金：2023年甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目“被害人自我决定权的理论与实践”(项目编号:2023YB115)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：讨论单位犯罪时,应当认可单位意志这一概念。其内涵为“实施单位行为乃由决策机构依决策程序决定”+“行为目的乃为单位利益”。在注重单位自身过失的同时,也要看到单位监督过失的重要意义。单位对结果不发生的支配可能性乃监督过失的本质,区分监督过失与管理过失并无意义。当以“单位犯罪自然人化型”“单位犯罪单位化型”“脱离传统罪责主义型”对国内单位犯罪归责模式予以梳理。组织体责任论有利于解决单位犯罪中的组织体无责现象。单位犯罪成立条件应包括“单位实施不法侵害行为”和“主观罪过”。在单位犯罪归责方面,就单位有关自然人引发法益侵害或侵害危险的后果而言,其主观要素无非故意、过失和无罪过三种形态,但具体判断时当以单位故意和过失为准。而就故意而言,单位具有故意罪过应当以单位有关自然人实施故意犯罪为前提。When discussing corporate crime,the concept of“corporate will”should be recognized.Its connotation lies in two aspects:the decision-making process of the corporate determines the conduct,and the conduct serves the corporate interests.While emphasizing the corporation’s own negligence,the significance of supervisory negligence should also be acknowledged.The core of supervisory negligence lies in the corporation’s failure to prevent harmful outcomes,rendering distinctions between supervisory and managerial negligence unnecessary.Corporate criminal responsibility can be categorized into three models:“natural-personcentered corporate crime”,“corporate-centered corporate crime”,and“post-traditional culpability corporate crime”.The theory of organizational responsibility helps address the issue of a lack of accountability in corporate crime.The establishment of corporate crime should include two essential elements:unlawful conduct by the corporation and subjective culpability.In attributing corporate responsibility,the subjective elements of responsible individuals within the corporation can take the form of intent,negligence,or absence of fault.However,determinations should prioritize corporate intent and negligence.Particularly,corporate intent requires that individuals within the corporation intentionally commit the crime as a prerequisite for attributing corporate intent.

关 键 词：单位犯罪 组织体责任 监督过失 单位犯罪归责 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]