拒绝提供恐怖主义犯罪、极端主义犯罪证据罪的规范适用和整体考察  

Normative Application and Comprehensive Examination of the Crime of Refusing to Provide Evidence in Terrorism and Extremism Cases

作　　者：罗钢[1] 马振东 Luo Gang;Ma Zhendong(School of Law,Xinjiang University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830046;School of Law,Xinjiang University of Political Science and Law,Tumushuke,Xinjiang,843900)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆政法学院法学院,新疆图木舒克843900

出　　处：《山东警察学院学报》2024年第5期19-32,共14页Journal of Shandong Police College

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金年度项目“反恐刑法司法适用实证研究”(项目编号:23BFX143);2024年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“中国和中亚国家反恐刑事司法合作问题与对策研究”(项目编号:GJ2024D67);2023年度新疆大学哲学社会科学校内培育项目“中国式现代化视域下反恐刑事治理问题研究”(项目编号:23CPY020)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：拒绝提供恐怖主义犯罪、极端主义犯罪证据罪是纯正不作为犯,保护超个人法益,即司法机关对恐怖主义犯罪、极端主义犯罪正常的调查取证活动。本罪行为主体不应包括消极身份;“拒绝提供”应采义务理论,并区别“知情不举”;恐怖极端主义犯罪的认定应恪守罪刑法定原则,有关情况或证据须限缩在刑事犯罪领域且侧重证明实体真实;明知要素属于注意规定,且包含间接故意。本罪的情节严重属于规范性构成要件要素,行为人对其应具有一定的认知。本罪与不得强迫自证己罪原则存在调和余地,允许存在基于亲属关系进行自我庇护的责任阻却事由。本罪共犯层面应坚持共犯从属说,侧重理性限缩和保障人权;不宜采取实行行为既遂说,而应坚持情节侵害结果既遂说;法条之间局部重叠应按想象竞合处理,并从中组合出最重的刑罚组合和刑度作为主刑的量刑框架。另外,基于短期自由刑弊端和同类法益保护考量,未来可以考虑增设罚金刑,且罚金刑应优先于自由刑适用。The crime of refusing to provide evidence in terrorism and extremism cases is a pure act of omission,protecting the supra-individual legal interests of judicial authorities in their normal investigative activities.The subject of this crime should not include passive identities;“refusal to provide”should follow the duty theory and distinguish from“failure to report”;the identification of terrorism and extremism crimes must adhere to the principle of legality,with relevant information or evidence limited to the field of criminal offenses and focused on proving substantial truth;the element of knowledge is a stipulative provision,including indirect intent.The serious circumstances of this crime are normative elements that the perpetrator should have a certain understanding of them.There is room for reconciling this crime with the principle of not compelling selfincrimination,allowing for defense grounds based on familial relationships.In terms of complicity,an accessory theory should be adhered to,emphasizing rational limitation and human rights protection;it is not advisable to adopt the theory of completion by the principal act but rather the theory of harm result completion;partial overlap between statutes should be handled as hypothetical concurrence,combining the most severe penalties and sentencing framework.Additionally,considering the drawbacks of short-term imprisonment and the protection of similar legal interests,the future introduction of fines can be considered,with fines taking precedence over imprisonment.

关 键 词：纯正不作为犯 拒绝提供 恐怖主义犯罪 极端主义犯罪 情节严重 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]