植物病原菌孢子捕捉和监测—助力植物病害管理  

Catching and monitoring airborne inoculum of plant pathogens:improving plant disease management

作　　者：王奥霖 范洁茹[1] 徐飞[3] 陈莉[4] 曹世勤[5] 王万军[6] 孙振宇[5] 刘伟[1] 胡小平[2] 周益林[1] WANG Aolin;FAN Jieru;XU Fei;CHEN Li;CAO Shiqin;WANG Wanjun;SUN Zhenyu;LIU Wei;HU Xiaoping;ZHOU Yilin(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Part of North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops,Hefei 230036,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Gansu Province,Tianshui 741000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,杨凌712100 [3]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,郑州450002 [4]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,作物有害生物综合治理安徽省重点实验室,合肥230036 [5]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730070 [6]甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所,天水741000

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第1期1-19,共19页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32072359)。

摘　　要：农业生态系统中所有类型的植物均会受到病原菌的长期威胁。许多高风险植物病原菌能够通过空气传播,甚至可随高空气流完成跨区域的远距离扩散。因此,为了控制气传病害管理中的杀菌剂投入,需密切监测空气中的病原菌孢子。病菌孢子捕捉技术作为监测空气中病菌孢子量的有效手段,可为种植者或相关政府部门提供病害风险的早期预警信息,辅助病害管理决策。近年来,分子检测技术的发展拓宽了其在植物病害管理中的应用范围。本文主要从植物病害流行病学、病原体生物学、空气动力学等方面,对病菌孢子捕捉技术,以及利用该技术获得的数据改善病害管理策略的相关研究进展进行综述,并讨论了应用病菌孢子捕捉和监测技术需要考虑的主要因素。随着物联网、大数据及人工智能等技术的不断发展,该技术的发展面临着新的机遇和挑战。整合新技术和改善数据获取、分析、解释、共享效率,实现病菌孢子捕捉的监测预警技术网格化、信息化与智能化的深度融合成为新的发展需求。In agricultural ecosystems,plants of all types are under constant threat from various pathogens.Many high-risk plant pathogens are airborne and can be transmitted over very long distances across regions in a single step via high-altitude air currents.To minimize the use of fungicides for managing diseases spread by air,it is imperative to closely monitor airborne inoculum.Monitoring airborne inoculum provides an effective early warning system for growers and government agencies,offering valuable insights for disease risk assessment and management decisions.In recent years,advancements in molecular detection technologies have expanded the application of inoculum-monitoring data in plant disease management.This review summarizes recent progress in spore sampling technologies to improve disease management strategy,focusing on aspects of disease epidemiology,pathogen biology,and aerodynamics.We also address key main considerations for implementing airborne inoculum monitoring.With the rapid advancement of technologies such as the internet of Things,big data,and artificial intelligence,airborne inoculum monitoring is encountering new opportunities and challenges.Future research should focus on integrating these technologies to enhance data acquisition,analysis,interpretation and sharing.In other words,there is a growing need for inoculum-based monitoring and prediction technologies to achieve a deeper integration of surveillance networks,informatization,and intelligence.

关 键 词：植物病害流行学 空气生物学 病菌孢子捕捉 植物病害监测预警 病害管理决策系统 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]