异色瓢虫黑化突变体ml在两种不同食物条件下的抗紫外线能力测定  

Determination of the UV-resistance of a melanism mutant ml of Harmonia axyridis under two different food conditions

作　　者：李媛 秦亚龙 孙元星 郝亚楠 LI Yuan;QIN Yalong;SUN Yuanxing;HAO Yanan(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第1期80-88,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：甘肃省青年科技基金计划(21JR7RA848);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才培养计划(Gaufx-03Y05)。

摘　　要：紫外线辐射对昆虫具有重要影响,表皮黑化程度不同的个体对紫外线辐射的抵抗能力不同,而食物是影响昆虫表皮黑化程度的一个重要因素。本研究以豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum与人工饲料为食料,通过测定异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis黑化突变体(ml)和野生型(wt)各龄幼虫(1~4龄)经紫外线辐照处理后的存活率、发育历期及发育至成虫的体重等,评价不同食物条件下两种表型的异色瓢虫抗紫外线能力的差异,以及不同发育阶段接受紫外线辐照对其抗紫外线能力的影响。结果表明:1)对两种食物饲喂的异色瓢虫1~4龄幼虫进行紫外线照射,ml在多个发育阶段较wt具有更高的存活率,且其总发育历期大多也明显缩短,且ml型1龄幼虫经紫外线照射后发育至成虫时体重更重。2)低龄幼虫(1龄和2龄)接受紫外线照射,其后续发育阶段的存活率较低,且在1龄幼虫紫外线处理中ml的适合度表现明显优于wt;4龄幼虫接受紫外线照射后后续阶段存活率最高,但2种表型间没有显著差异。3)2种表型的异色瓢虫均以取食豌豆蚜的个体抗紫外线能力整体优于取食人工饲料的个体,食物因素对两种表型存活率的影响存在差异。综上,异色瓢虫黑化突变体的抗紫外线能力强于野生型,且受处理幼虫阶段及食物类型的影响。本研究结果为进一步探究异色瓢虫的抗逆能力及筛选适应不同环境的生防资源奠定了理论基础。UV radiation significantly affects insects,but individuals with different degrees of cuticle melanism vary in their resistance to UV radiation.Food is an important factor affecting the cuticle melanism of insects.In this study,the melanism mutant(ml)and the wild type(wt)of Harmonia axyridis were reared with two different foods,i.e.,pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum)or artificial diet,and the larvae at different stages(1st instar to 4th instar)were exposed to UV.After exposure,the cumulative survival rate in subsequent stages,developmental duration,and adult body weight were measured to evaluate the UV-resistance of the two phenotypes as well as the influences of UV-exposure stage.The results showed that:1)Under both foods conditions,the ml type versus wt type had a relatively higher survival rate in most development stages and,in most cases,had shortened developmental time after their 1st to 4th instar larvae exposed to UV.Meanwhile,ml had significantly higher body weight when the 1st instar larvae exposed to UV;2)UV exposure of early-stage larvae(1st instar and 2nd instar)resulted in the lowest subsequent survival rates,but ml had significantly better fitness than wt in UV-exposure treatment of the 1st instar larvae.The highest survival rates were observed in UV-exposure treatment of the 4th instar larvae,but no significant difference was detected between the two phenotypes;3)For both phenotypes,pea aphid-fed individuals exhibited higher UV-resistance than those feeding on artificial diet.However,food factor exhibited different influences on survivals of the two phenotypes.In conclusion,the melanism mutant demonstrated stronger UV-resistance than wt,and their UV-resistance affected by the UV-exposure stage and the food type.This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the stress resistance of H.axyridis and the identification of biocontrol agents adapted to different environments.

关 键 词：异色瓢虫 黑化突变体 存活率 发育历期 体重 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]