福建省多花黄精炭疽病的病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选  

Identification of the pathogen causing anthracnose on Polygonatum cyrtonemain Fujian province and screening of fungicides for disease control

作　　者：程曦 史惠燕 杨益涵 牛雨晴 苏海兰[3] 肖荣凤[2] CHENG Xi;SHI Huiyan;YANG Yihan;NIU Yuqing;SU Hailan;XIAO Rongfeng(Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology,Ministry of Education,College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学植物保护学院,生物农药与化学生物学教育部重点实验室,福州350002 [2]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福州350003 [3]福建省农业科学院作物研究所,福州350003

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第1期190-200,共11页Plant Protection

基　　金：福建省重大科研专项(2022NZ029017);福建省人民政府中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021019);福建省农业科学院英才项目(YC2021002);福建省农业科学院创新平台(CXPT2023)。

摘　　要：为明确引起福建省多花黄精炭疽病的病原菌种类,并筛选其防治药剂,本研究采集具有典型炭疽病症状的多花黄精叶片并分离纯化病原菌,再利用形态学特征、ITS-CHS-GAPDH-ACT-TUB2多基因序列系统发育分析及致病性测定进行鉴定;采用菌丝生长速率法测定生产上常用于炭疽病防治的4种杀菌剂对病原菌的室内毒力。结果表明,分离纯化后共获得86株菌株,分别鉴定为果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola、喀斯特炭疽菌C.karsti和白蜡树炭疽菌C.spaethianum,三者的分离频率依次为67.44%、11.63%和20.93%,且存在复合侵染现象。室内毒力测定结果表明,70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂对3种多花黄精炭疽菌的抑菌效果均最佳,对果生炭疽菌、喀斯特炭疽菌和白蜡树炭疽菌的EC_(50)分别为0.381、0.105 mg/L和0.122 mg/L;其次是450 g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂,EC_(50)分别为1.465、1.994 mg/L和2.261 mg/L;250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油对3种炭疽病菌的抑制效果略差,EC_(50)分别为10.232、3.899 mg/L和1.057 mg/L,说明不同杀菌剂对炭疽菌的毒力差异较大,不同种类炭疽菌对杀菌剂的敏感性也存在差异。综上所述,果生炭疽菌、喀斯特炭疽菌和白蜡树炭疽菌是福建地区多花黄精炭疽病的主要病原菌,其中果生炭疽菌是优势种,而喀斯特炭疽菌可引起多花黄精炭疽病为国内首次报道。70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、450 g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂和250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油适用于福建省多花黄精炭疽病的田间防治。This study aimed to identify the pathogen species causing the anthracnose disease on Polygonatum cyrtonema in Fujian province and to screen suitable fungicides for its control.P.cyrtonema leaves showing typical anthracnose symptoms were collected,and the pathogens were isolated and purified.Identification was conducted using morphological characteristics,multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-CHS-GAPDH-ACT-TUB2 sequences,and pathogenicity tests.Furthermore,the indoor toxicities of four common fungicides against these pathogens were measured according to the mycelial growth rate.The results showed that a total of 86 strains were obtained and identified as Colletotrichum fructicola,C.karsti and C.spaethianum,with isolation frequencies of 67.44%,11.63%and 20.93%,respectively,and the presence of compound infections.Indoor toxicity assays indicated that thiophanate-methyl 70%WP exhibited the best inhibitory effect on the three Colletotrichum species,with EC_(50)values for C.fructicola,C.karsti,and C.spaethianum of 0.381 mg/L,0.105 mg/L,and 0.122 mg/L,respectively.Prochloraz 450 g/L EW was also effective,with EC_(50)values of 1.465 mg/L,1.994 mg/L,and 2.261 mg/L,respectively,while pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC exhibited a slightly lower inhibitory effect,with EC_(50)values of 10.232 mg/L,3.899 mg/L,and 1.057 mg/L,respectively.These results highlighted significant variations in fungicide toxicity and sensitivity Colletotrichum species.In conclusion,C.fructicola,C.karsti and C.spaethianum were identified as the primary pathogens causing anthracnose in P.cyrtonema in Fujian,with C.fructicola as the dominant species.To our knowledge,this is the first report of C.karsti causing anthracnose on P.cyrtonema in China.The fungicides thiophanate-methyl 70%WP,prochloraz 450 g/L EW and pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC are recommended for field control of anthracnose in P.cyrtonema in Fujian.

关 键 词：多花黄精 炭疽病 病原菌鉴定 药剂筛选 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]