湖南省棉田杂草种类及化学防治现状调查  

Investigation on weed species and chemical control status incotton fields of Hunan province

作　　者：张弛 潘浪 刘敏 叶晓君 邓承宇 黄家腾 胡利锋[1] ZHANG Chi;PAN Lang;LIU Min;YE Xiaojun;DENG Chengyu;HUANG Jiateng;HU Lifeng(College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第1期247-254,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：湖南省科技创新计划(2023NK2015);湖南省棉花科技创新项目(湘财建指[2023]98号);湖南省棉花产业技术体系植保岗位科学家项目(2022-42)。

摘　　要：为明确湖南省棉田杂草的种群分布情况及除草剂使用现状,在岳阳、衡阳、常德、益阳4个市的棉花主产区,以对角线五点取样法,系统调查了棉田杂草的种类及化学防除情况。调查结果表明:湖南省棉田杂草共有31科101种。牛筋草Eleusine indica、千金子Leptochloa chinensis、马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、铁苋菜Acalypha australis、稗草Echinochloa crus-galli、狗尾草Setaria viridis、鳢肠Eclipta prostrata、空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides的相对多度在3%以上,为湖南省棉田杂草的优势种群。杂草的主要防除方法为化学防除,处理方式为苗前土壤封闭与苗后多次行间茎叶喷雾处理相结合,难防除恶性杂草主要有牛筋草、马唐、铁苋菜、鳢肠、香附子Cyperus rotundus、碎米莎草C.iria等。湖南省棉田中不同地块的区域性优势杂草存在一定差异,在生产中,要密切关注这些区域性杂草上升为优势杂草的可能,需根据田间草相,因地制宜地建立适合当地的杂草综合防治方案。To clarify the population distribution of weeds and current herbicide usage in cotton fields of Hunan province,a systematic survey was conducted on the types and chemical control practices for weeds in the main cotton-producing areas of Yueyang,Hengyang,Changde,Yiyang,using a diagonal five-point sampling method.The results showed that there were 101 weed species across 31 families in cotton fields in Hunan province.The dominant weed species,with relative abundances exceeding 3%,include Eleusine indica,Leptochloa chinensis,Digitaria sanguinalis,Acalypha australis,Echinochloa crus-galli,Setaria viridis,Eclipta prostrata and Alternanthera philoxeroides.The main method for weed control is chemical application,involving both pre-emergence soil-applied herbicides and multiple post-emergence inter-row foliar sprays.The main problematic weeds that are challenging to control include E.indica,L.chinensis,A.australis,E.prostrata,Cyperus rotundus and C.iria.Regional variations in dominant weed species were observed across cotton field plots in Hunan province.In production,it is essential to closely monitor the potential rise of these regional weeds to dominant status and to develop locally tailored integrated weed management plans based on field weed composition.

关 键 词：棉田 杂草调查 化学防治 

分 类 号：S451.223[农业科学—植物保护]