植保无人机对大豆-玉米带状复合种植播后苗前喷雾的雾滴沉积特性及除草效果  

Droplets deposition of herbicide by plant-protection UAV and control effect insoybean-maize strip intercropping after sowing and before seedling

作　　者：张路生 于晓庆 邵玉丽 金宗亭 周江明 常慧红 谢英杰 韩小伟 何川 田雪慧 ZHANG Lusheng;YU Xiaoqing;SHAO Yuli;JIN Zongting;ZHOU Jiangming;CHANG Huihong;XIE Yingjie;HAN Xiaowei;HE Chuan;TIAN Xuehui(Binzhou Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Binzhou 256600,China;Shandong Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Jinan 250000,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Bincheng District,Binzhou 256600,China;Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Binzhou 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]滨州市农业技术推广中心,滨州256600 [2]山东省农业技术推广中心,济南250000 [3]滨州市滨城区农业技术推广中心,滨州256600 [4]滨州市农业科学院,滨州256600

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第1期327-333,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：亚洲生物技术协作网、国家科技攻关项目(2004BA525B04);四川省教育厅青年基金项目(2002A001)。

摘　　要：为明确适合应对大豆玉米带状复合种植杂草发生特点的植保无人机作业参数,本文采用两因素三水平试验设计,探究不同喷液量和雾滴粒径下的药液沉积效果及对杂草防效。结果表明,当喷液量一定时,200~400μm范围内,粒径越大,雾滴覆盖率和沉积量也随之增大,而雾滴密度随之减小,杂草防效提高;当雾滴粒径一定时,喷液量越大,雾滴覆盖率、密度和沉积量都随之增大,杂草防效也提高。当喷液量为45.0 L/hm^( 2)、粒径400μm时,防效最高,40%砜吡草唑SC 375 mL/hm^( 2)+480 g/L嗪草酮SC 600 mL/hm^( 2)处理后20 d,对禾本科和阔叶类杂草的株防效分别可达98.88%和100.00%,药后35 d,对禾本科和阔叶类杂草的株防效分别为97.62%和75.56%,鲜重防效分别为98.92%和99.02%。因此,在利用植保无人机对大豆玉米带状复合种植田进行播后苗前除草时,适当增大喷液量和雾滴粒径,有利于提高除草效果。This study aimed to determine suitable operation parameters for plant-protection unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)in managing weeds within soybean-maize strip intercropping systems.Using a two-factor,three-level experimental design,the effect of various spray volumes and droplet sizes on droplet deposition and weed control efficiency were examined.The results showed that under a fixed spray volume,increased droplet size(200-400μm)improved both droplet coverage and deposition while reducing droplet density and enhancing weed control.For a constant droplet size,higher spray volumes increased coverage,density and deposition,leading to better control effect.Optimal results were achieved with a spray volume of 45.0 L/hm^( 2) and a droplet size of 400μm.Twenty days post-application of 40%pyroxasulfone SC(375 mL/hm^( 2))and 480 g/L SC metribuzin(600 mL/hm^( 2)),control effectiveness on gramineous and broad-leaved weeds reached 98.88%and 100.00%,respectively.After 35 days,control effectiveness on gramineous and broad-leaved weeds was 97.62%and 75.56%,respectively,and by fresh weight was 98.92%and 99.02%.Therefore,increasing spray volume and droplet size can thus enhance weed control when using UAVs for post-sowing,pre-emergence herbicide applications in soybean-maize strip intercropping systems.

关 键 词：植保无人机 大豆玉米带状复合种植 杂草防效 雾滴沉积特性 

分 类 号：S252.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]