家庭能动主义:农村新三代家庭的结构韧性及动力机制  

Family Activism: The Structural Resilience and Dynamic Mechanism of the New Three Generations of Rural Families

作　　者：李永萍 LI Yong-ping(College of Humanities and Social Development,Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry,Yangling,Shaanxi,712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期17-26,共10页Journal of Shenzhen University:Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“新时代农民家庭代际合作育儿模式研究”(21CSH030)。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,农民家庭再生产逐渐卷入现代化进程,在传统力量与现代力量的糅合下,中国农村家庭变迁路径呈现出较大的复杂性。虽然父代家庭和子代家庭之间的独立性增加,家庭结构在形式上具有核心化的趋势,但是面对现代性压力,代际之间依然存在着广泛且灵活的合作模式,形成了新三代家庭的结构形态。新三代家庭是父代支持子代家庭的模式,家庭资源约束条件决定了父代在城乡关系中的位置,故新三代家庭可区分为“半工半耕”家庭和“老漂”家庭两种形态。新三代家庭结构突破了家庭现代化理论隐含的线性变迁路径,其“虚分实合”的结构性特征赋予代际整合一定的弹性,这不同于传统三代家庭。后者是一个基于伦理统合的有机整体,代际整合具有比较显著的伦理刚性。根本而言,新三代家庭产生于农民家庭对现代性压力能动性调适的过程中,是家庭能动主义的实践表达。家庭目标定义了农民家庭能动性调适的方向,而家庭资源决定了农民家庭能动性调适的空间,外部的压力由此转化为新三代家庭再生产的动力。家庭能动主义为理解转型期农民家庭性质提供了重要视野,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。Since the reform and opening up,the reproduction of peasant families has gradually been involved in the modernization process.Under the combination of traditional and modern forces,the change path of Chinese rural families has shown greater complexity.Although the independence between the parent family and the child family has increased,and the family structure has a trend of core in form,in the face of the pressure of modernity,there are still extensive and flexible cooperation modes between the generations,forming the structure of the new three-generation family.The new three-generation family is a model in which the father supports the son’s family.The constraints of family resources determine the position of the father generation in the relationship between urban and rural areas so that the new three-generation family can be divided into two forms:the“half-working and half-farming”family and the“old drifting”family.The structure of the new three-generation family breaks through the linear transition path implied by the theory of family modernization,and its structural characteristics of“virtual division and real integration”give the intergenerational integration certain flexibility,which is different from the traditional three-generation family,which is an organic whole based on ethical integration and has significant ethical rigidity.Fundamentally speaking,the new three generations of families emerged from the dynamic adaptation of peasant families to the pressure of modernity,which is the practical expression of family activism.Among them,the family goal defines the direction of the peasant family’s initiative adjustment,while the family resources determine the space of the peasant family’s initiative adjustment,and the external pressure is transformed into the driving force of the new three generations of family reproduction.Family activism provides an important perspective to understand the nature of peasant families in the transition period,which has important theoretical and practical

关 键 词：家庭能动主义 城乡中国 家庭结构 家庭目标 家庭资源 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]