科技发展权的规范构造:国际法视角  

Normative Construction of the Right to Development in the Field of Science and Technology: An International Law Perspective

作　　者：郭晓明 GUO Xiao-ming(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083

出　　处：《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期102-111,共10页Journal of Shenzhen University:Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“全球发展权的理论创新与平权机制研究”(2020010350)。

摘　　要：面对构建全球科技共同体的时代挑战,科技领域的国际发展法关注技术合作和共享,反对技术对抗和垄断。在当今“南北失衡”的国际科技发展格局与“数字霸权”的语境下,各国在科技主权形式平等的表象背后,面临着高低有别的国际科技地位和相差悬殊的科技创新能力。为了打破战后国际科技秩序中基于技术依附和垄断的科技制度霸权,科技全球化背景下的国际发展法聚焦技术合作和科技制度平权,旨在构建更加公平稳定的国际科技治理机制。一方面,科技领域的国际发展法以作为人类共同遗产的科学技术进步为制度归宿,共享共惠的科技发展总原则要求各国有权平等、安全、普惠、开放地享受科技的利益。另一方面,各国基于科技领域的国际发展法实际或应当享有包括科技自决权、科技和平权、科技惠益权和科技共治权在内的四项核心发展权利。为了推动国际科技秩序朝着更加公平合理的方向发展,当前主要作为国际软法的国际发展法未来将在科技领域发挥更加显著的规范作用。In the face of the challenges of building a global community of science and technology(S&T)in the new era,the international development law in the field of S&T advocates sharing-based technological cooperation,and opposes confrontation-oriented technological monopoly.Due to the North-South imbalances in the international S&T development pattern,innovative countries on different levels of development,behind the facade of formal equality in technology sovereignty,encounter high-and-low international technological status and weak-to-strong technological innovation capabilities,particularly in the context of“digital hegemony”today.To break the technological institutional hegemony based on technology monopoly in the post-war international scientific and technological order,the international development law against a background of technological globalization focuses on technology diffusion and technological institutional equality,aiming to build a fairer and more stable international S&T governance mechanism.On the one hand,international development law in S&T considers scientific and technological progress as mankind’s common heritage and ultimate institutional purpose.Thus,the general principles of S&T for development assert that all countries have the right to enjoy the benefits of science and technology in an equal,safe,inclusive and open manner.On the other hand,all countries actually or should enjoy four core rights to development in S&T,including the right to self-determination,the right to peace,the right to commerce,and the right to co-governance.To reshape the S&T order,international development law will play greater normative roles in the coming decades.

关 键 词：国际发展法 科技创新国家 国际科技秩序 科技发展原则 科技发展权利 

分 类 号：D990[政治法律—国际法学]