育婴家政工的情感劳动、角色类型与形塑机制  

The Emotional Labor, Role Types and Shaping Mechanism of Baby-caring Domestic Workers

作　　者：徐依婷 XU Yi-ting(School of Marxism,Hubei University,Wuhan,Hubei,430062)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期112-123,共12页Journal of Shenzhen University:Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学青年项目“‘三孩’生育背景下湖北省育婴家政服务的供需机制优化研究”(22Q008);湖北青少年思想道德教育研究中心开放基金项目“家风建设与青少年思想道德教育的融合研究”(YX202310)。

摘　　要：随着家政行业的发展,育婴家政工的角色从传统意义上的简单家务替代者转变为科学育儿理念指导下日益专业化、职业化的情感劳动者。田野调查发现,育婴家政工的情感劳动角色可按照情感投入程度与专业程度划分为“高专业高情感”“高专业低情感”“低专业高情感”“低专业低情感”4种类型。不同的情感劳动角色类型中,育婴家政工的职业认同、劳动自主性、工作稳定性以及客户评价存在显著差异。“高专业高情感”的育婴家政工既能提供高质量的育婴家政服务,同时又能免于情感异化。育婴家政工差异化情感劳动的形塑机制取决于家政行业的发展状况与社会认可程度、家政工自身职业定位、就业取向以及主雇关系状况。雇主与家政工之间达成信任,将有助于家政工发挥劳动自主性,使其获得正面的情感劳动体验,进而促进双方构建稳定的雇佣关系。未来应当加强对家政工群体的心理疏导与社会关怀,承认其劳动价值,进一步引导家政行业朝着规范化、专业化、职业化方向发展。With the development of the domestic industry,the role of baby-caring domestic workers has changed from the traditional sense of simple housework replacement to the increasingly professional emotional workers under the concept of scientific childcare.According to the field investigation in Wuhan,the study found that the emotional labor roles of baby-caring domestic workers can be divided into four types according to the degree of emotional involvement and professionalism:“high professional high emotion”,“high professional low emotion”,“low professional high emotion”,and“low professional low emotion”.Among different emotional labor role types,there are significant differences in professional identity,labor autonomy,job stability and customer evaluation of baby-caring domestic workers.“High professional and high emotional”baby-caring domestic workers can not only provide high-quality baby-care domestic services but also avoid emotional alienation.The mechanism of shaping the differentiated emotional labor of baby-caring domestic workers mainly includes the development status and social recognition of the domestic industry,the professional orientation of domestic workers,employment orientation and the relationship between employers and employees.The trust between employers and domestic workers will help domestic workers give play to their labor autonomy,make them obtain positive emotional labor experience,and then promote the construction of a stable employment relationship between the two sides.In the future,we should strengthen the psychological counseling and social care for the group of domestic workers,recognize their labor value,and further guide the development of the domestic industry towards standardization,specialization and professionalization.

关 键 词：情感劳动 育婴家政工 职业化情感劳动者 家政工-雇主关系 劳动自主性 劳动体验 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]