零件修边精度对铝合金车门搭接角接头激光焊接焊缝成形及性能的影响  

Effect of Parts Trimming Accuracy on the Weld Seam Forming and Properties of Lap Joint Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloy Automobile Door

作　　者：郭涛 宋昊 衣广鹏 郑生虎 赵伟龙 杨亚伟 Guo Tao;Song Hao;Yi Guangpeng;Zheng Shenghu;Zhao Weilong;Yang Yawei(Global R&D Center,China FAW Corporation Limited,Changchun 130013)

机构地区：[1]中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院,长春130013

出　　处：《汽车工艺与材料》2025年第2期24-28,共5页Automobile Technology & Material

摘　　要：采用激光偏移的方式来模拟铝合金车门零件修边精度的偏差,以激光焦点在搭接边缘的焊缝作为参考,探究不同偏移距离,即零件修边偏差对焊缝成形及性能的影响。结果表明,不同的零件修边偏差下,焊缝表面成形和横截面形貌存在一定变化。在焊缝成形方面,当零件修边偏差由-1.0 mm逐渐增大至+1.0 mm时(定义零件修边远离激光光斑,且使搭接接头下板暴露在激光下的方向为负,反之为正),焊缝的表面逐渐变得饱满。在焊缝力学性能方面,当零件的修边偏差在-0.5~+1.0 mm范围的时,修边偏差的变化对焊缝力学性能影响不大,而当修边偏差为-1.0 mm时,焊缝接头的抗拉强度明显降低。因此,为保证铝合金车门内板和加强板焊后焊缝的成形和力学性能,在试制过程中,应保证加强板零件的修边偏差在-0.5~+1.0 mm范围内。The method of laser offset is used to simulate the deviation of edge trimming precision of aluminum alloy door parts.Taking the laser focus on the lap joint edge as a reference,the effect of the different offset distance,namely trimming deviation of parts on weld forming and properties is investigated.The results show that the weld seam surface forming and cross section morphology change with different trimming deviations.In term of weld seam forming,when the trimming deviation of the part gradually increases from-1.0 mm to+1.0 mm(the direction in which the trimming of the part is away from the laser spot and exposes the lower plate of the lap joint to the laser is defined as negative,and the opposite direction is defined as positive),the surface of the weld seam gradually becomes full.In term of weld seam mechanical properties,when the trimming deviation of the part is within the range of-0.5 mm to+1.0 mm,the change of the trimming deviation has little effect on the mechanical properties of the weld seam,and when the trimming deviation is-1.0 mm,the tensile strength of the weld joint is significantly reduced.Therefore,in order to ensure the forming and mechanical properties of the welding seam on the aluminum alloy door,the trimming deviation of parts should be ensured in the range of-0.5 mm to+1.0 mm during the trial production process.

关 键 词：铝合金车门 修边精度 表面成形 横截面形貌 力学性能 

分 类 号：U465.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] U466[机械工程—车辆工程]