核废处理回转煅烧炉用高温合金氧化行为研究  

Study on the Oxidation Behavior of High⁃Temperature Alloys in Rotary Calciners for Nuclear Waste Treatment

作　　者：王琴[1] 王成旭 刘仲礼 WANG Qin;WANG Chengxu;LIU Zhongli(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Mechanical and Electrical Vocational College,Zhengzhou 451191,China;School of Nuclear Equipment and Engineering,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]河南机电职业学院机电工程学院,河南郑州451191 [2]烟台大学核装备与核工程学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《材料保护》2025年第1期109-115,共7页Materials Protection

摘　　要：两步法冷坩埚玻璃固化技术是目前国际主流的高水平放射性废物处理方法,而回转煅烧炉作为其中的关键设备,其结构材料的高温氧化问题关乎该技术的工业化应用,具有重要的研究意义。高温合金具有较好的高温强度,然而其能否作为回转煅烧炉的结构部件有待验证。对316H不锈钢、镍基690、哈氏N合金与镍基625合金4种高温合金进行了高温氧化试验。通过测量样品的增重,绘制氧化动力学曲线,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析氧化膜的物相组成、形貌与成分,分析4种高温合金的氧化机理。结果表明:在600℃下4种试样都表现出较好的耐氧化性能,其增重均较小。800℃时,哈氏N合金和316H不锈钢的耐氧化性能较差,氧化层疏松且有脱落;镍基690合金的耐氧化性能较好,其氧化层较致密,但氧化膜颗粒较粗大。镍基625合金的耐氧化性能最佳,氧化速率常数Kp约为1.43×10^(-7)mg^(2)/(cm^(4)·s),其氧化膜由稳定的Cr_(2)O_(3)组成,且氧化膜均匀致密,晶粒细小。镍基625合金因具有优异的耐氧化性能,可用作回转煅烧炉的结构材料,有利于延长设备的使用寿命。The two⁃step cold crucible glass vitrification technology is currently the international mainstream high⁃level radioactive waste treat⁃ment method,and the high⁃temperature oxidation problem of the structural material of the rotary calcination furnace,as a key equipment,is related to the industrial application of this technology and has important research significance.High⁃temperature alloy exhibit good high⁃temper⁃ature strength.However,whether it can be used as structural components for the rotary calciner remains to be verified.In this study,high⁃tem⁃perature oxidation tests were conducted on four high⁃temperature alloys:316H stainless steel,nickel⁃based alloy 690,Hastelloy N,and nickel⁃based alloy 625.The weight gain of the samples was measured,and oxidation kinetics curves were plotted.The phase composition,mor⁃phology and composition of the oxide scales were analyzed using X⁃ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy⁃dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The oxidation mechanisms of the four high⁃temperature alloy were analyzed.The results showed that all four samples exhibited good oxidation resistance at 600℃,with relatively small weight gains.At 800℃,Hastelloy N and 316H stainless steel showed poor oxidation resistance,with loose oxide layers and spallation.Nickel⁃based alloy 690 demonstrated better oxidation resistance,with a denser oxide layer,although the oxide particles were relatively large.Nickel⁃based alloy 625 exhibited the best oxidation resistance,with an oxidation rate constant Kp of approximately 1.43×10^(-7)mg6(2)/(cm^(4)·s).The oxide scale was composed of stable Cr_(2)O_(3),and the oxide layer was uniform,dense and fine⁃grained.Due to its excellent oxidation resistance,nickel⁃based alloy 625 can be used as a structural material for rota⁃ry calciners,which is beneficial for extending the service life of the equipment.

关 键 词：核废处理 高温合金 回转煅烧炉 高温氧化 

分 类 号：TG17[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]