广州市农村生活污水处理现状及经验  

Existing Situation and Experience of Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Guangzhou

作　　者：王彩虹 郭绍东 WANG Caihong;GUO Shaodong(Zhongyu Design Co.,Ltd.,Qingyuan 511500,China;School of Urban Construction,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China;Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Urban Regeneration,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan430065,China)

机构地区：[1]中誉设计有限公司,广东清远511500 [2]武汉科技大学城市建设学院,湖北武汉430065 [3]武汉科技大学城市更新湖北省工程研究中心,湖北武汉430065

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第1期92-97,143,共7页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52200173)。

摘　　要：【目的】为深入了解广州市农村生活污水治理现状,总结推广行之有效的治理经验,为其他地区开展新农村建设提供借鉴。【方法】采用现场勘察、资料复核、数据统计、水质[化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、氨氮、总磷]分析等方法,考察分析了农村生活污水治理工程建设、运维管理、资金投入情况、污水收集情况及各类型处理工艺的运行效果。【结果】结果显示,广州市因地制宜选择治理模式,优选工程总承包(EPC)模式进行建设,公开招标第三方单位开展运维工作,持续建设、运维资金投入,启用信息化管理手段,取得了显著效果。建设污水管网长度约为8500 km,建成农村生活污水集中处理设施站点2600余个,总处理能力达到17.6万m^(3)/d。污水收集系统存在渗水、管网质量缺陷、雨污合流等问题。集中处理主要采用厌氧池+人工湿地、厌氧池、膜生物反应(MBR)工艺、厌氧/缺氧/好氧(AAO)工艺,占比分别为46.9%、27.9%、10.6%、12.2%。处理规模在50 m^(3)/d以下。运维成本排序为MBR>AAO>厌氧池+人工湿地>厌氧池。占地面积排序为厌氧池+人工湿地>厌氧池>AAO>MBR。各工艺对CODCr、氨氮、总磷去除效果差异较明显,厌氧池出水水质最差。【结论】农村生活污水治理过程中要重视管网建设质量及运维管理,加大资金投入,根据运维成本、占地情况、水质水量等选择合适的处理工艺。[Objective]In order to get insight into the existing situation of rural domestic wastewater treatment in Guangzhou,summarize and promote effective treatment experience,and provide reference for other areas to carry out new rural construction.[Methods]The construction,operation and maintenance management and capital investment of rural domestic wastewater treatment project were investigated and analyzed by site investigation,data review,data statistics and water quality[chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Cr)),ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus]analysis,wastewater collection and the operation effect of various treatment process.[Results]The results showed that Guangzhou selected the governance mode according to local conditions,preferred the engineering procurement construction(EPC)mode for construction,publicly invited third-party units to carry out operation and maintenance work,continued construction and operation and maintenance capital investment,and used information management means,and achieved remarkable results.More than 8500 kilometers of wastewater pipe networks and 2600 rural domestic wastewater centralized treatment facilities with a total treatment capacity of 176000 m^(3)/d had been built.There were some problems in wastewater collection and storage,such as water seepage,pipe network quality defects,rainwater and wastewater confluence,etc.The concentrated treatment mainly used anaerobic pond+constructed wetland,anaerobic pond,membrane biological reaction(MBR)process,and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic(AAO)process,accounting for 46.9%,27.9%,10.6%,12.2%respectively.The processing scale was below 50 m^(3)/d.The order of operation and maintenance cost was MBR>AAO>anaerobic tank+constructed wetland>anaerobic tank.The covering area rank was anaerobic pool+constructed wetland>anaerobic pool>AAO>MBR.The removal effect of CODCr,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus was different,and the effluent quality of anaerobic tank was the worst.[Conclusion]In the process of rural domestic wastewater treatment,attention should be paid

关 键 词：农村生活污水 治理现状 处理工艺 污水收集 工艺选择 

分 类 号：X799[环境科学与工程—环境工程]