美国能源部重大科技基础设施建设“关键决策”项目管理模式  

The“Critical Decision”Project Management Approach for Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Construction Projects of the US Department of Energy

作　　者：陈映桥 CHEN Yingqiao(China International Nuclear Fusion Energy Program Execution Center,Beijing 100862,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国际核聚变能源计划执行中心,北京100862

出　　处：《中国科技人才》2024年第6期16-21,共6页Scientific and Technological Talents of China

摘　　要：国家重大科技基础设施是国家为支持科学研究、技术创新和基础性科技活动而建设的规模庞大、功能强大的研究平台或实验设备,其建设周期长、耗资大、风险高,对项目管理水平要求较高。美国、英国、加拿大等国在重大科技基础设施建设过程中,重点关注项目全生命周期,分阶段进行精细化管理,对每个关键节点单独评估和审批,层层把控确保项目指标符合预期。本文结合国内外相关管理实践,以美国为例,对其能源部长期应用于重大科技基础设施建设的“关键决策”项目管理模式进行介绍,建议我国可考虑借鉴此类模式,进一步优化重大科技基础设施建设项目管理流程,关注项目全生命周期,分阶段精细化管理,更好地避免项目成本超支和进度滞后等问题。National major science and technology infrastructure refers to large-scale,high-performance research platforms or experimental equipment built by the country to support scientific research,technological innovation,and fundamental scientific activities.These projects are characterized by long construction periods,high costs,and significant risks,which place high demands on project management capabilities.Countries such as the United States,the United Kingdom,and Canada focus on the life-cycle of projects during the construction of major science and technology infrastructure,implementing refined management in staged approach.Each critical milestone is individually evaluated and approved,ensuring that project metrics meet expectations.Based on the management practice in China and worldwide,this article uses the United States as an example to introduce the“critical decision”project management approach long applied and refined by the U.S.Department of Energy.It suggests that China could consider adopting such methodology to further optimize the management process of major science and technology infrastructure projects,emphasizing life-cycle management and staged,refined management to better avoid cost overruns and schedule delays in project timelines.

关 键 词：重大科技基础设施 项目管理 美国经验 

分 类 号：N33[自然科学总论]