极地冰下声学定位导航技术现状及发展趋势  

Research Status and Development Trend of Polar Under-ice Acoustic Positioning and Navigation Technology

作　　者：程驰宇 郑翠娥 张居成 陈奕新 CHENG Chiyu;ZHENG Cuie;ZHANG Jucheng;CHEN Yixin(National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001;Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150001;College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001;Qingdao Innovation and Development Base,Harbin Engineering University,Qingdao 266404)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [4]哈尔滨工程大学青岛创新发展基地,青岛266404

出　　处：《导航与控制》2024年第5期15-24,共10页Navigation and Control

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划泰山学者计划(编号:022YFC2806800)。

摘　　要：极地在战略、经济、科研等领域具有重要地位,由于极地独特的自然环境,水下潜航器成为人类探测极地和开发极地的关键。受大规模冰层覆盖、卫星拒止等因素影响,水下潜航器在冰下作业存在诸多难点,首要问题是潜航器的精确位置信息获取。声波是极地冰下环境中唯一有效的信息载体,声学定位导航技术是冰下潜航器高精度定位导航的主要手段。首先,分析了极地冰下潜航器导航任务存在的难点,包括高纬度效应、海水持续低温状态和大规模海冰覆盖对水下潜航器导航定位技术的影响。接着,综述了极地冰下潜航器导航方法,并分析了这些方法在极地冰下的应用现状和局限性。然后,探讨了极地冰下声学定位导航技术的研究现状,包括国内外的主要应用案例以及实现的性能成果。最后,总结了极地冰下声学定位导航技术面临的挑战和未来发展趋势。Polar regions occupy a significant position in strategic,economic,and scientific research fields.Due to the unique natural environment of the polar areas,underwater vehicles have become key to human exploration and development of the poles.Affected by factors such as large-scale ice coverage and satellite denial,there are numerous challenges in the operation of underwater vehicles beneath the ice,with the primary issue being the acquisition of precise positional information of the vehicles.Sound waves are the only effective information carriers in the polar under-ice environment,and acoustic positioning and navigation technology is the main means for high-precision positioning and navigation of underwater vehicles.In this paper,the difficulties existing in the navigation tasks of polar under-ice vehicles are firstly analyzed,including the impact of high latitude effects,sustained low-temperature seawater,and large-scale ice coverage on the navigation and positioning technology of underwater vehicles.Then,the navigation methods of polar under-ice vehicles are reviewed and the current status and limitations of these methods in polar under-ice environments are analyzed.The research status of polar under-ice acoustic positioning and navigation technology is subsequently discussed,including main application cases and achieved performance outcomes both domestically and internationally.Finally,the challenges faced by polar under-ice acoustic positioning and navigation technology and its future development trends are summarized.

关 键 词：极地 水下潜航器 冰下导航 声学导航 

分 类 号：TB568[交通运输工程—水声工程]