ChatGPT对美国两党和中美两国的政治偏见及意识形态风险  

ChatGPT’s Political Bias and Ideological Risk to the US Parties and China and the US

作　　者：朱尉 高强 ZHU Wei;GAO Qiang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2025年第1期102-118,173,共18页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：陕西省社会科学项目“十八大以来中国共产党推进中华民族共同体建设的实践探索与理论创新研究”(2022A168);陕西省铸牢中华民族共同体意识专项课题“陕西省高校铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实效性评价与提升路径研究”(2023HZ0582);西安市社会科学规划基金课题“陕西省大中小学铸牢中华民族共同体意识教育的效果研究”(23ZD02)。

摘　　要：本研究运用角色扮演提示技术,检验ChatGPT对特定政治团体是否存在政治偏见。结果表明:声称客观中立的ChatGPT模型对美国两党及中美两国的意识形态存在偏见,且该偏见具有跨语言稳定性。这些偏见是系统的而非个别现象,涉及自由、民主、人权等现代政治理念以及对现实政治运作的评价。ChatGPT加重而不是消弭了人类社会的价值分歧和文化冲突,成为输出美式自由主义叙事话语的意识形态机器。其根本原因在于它的特殊信息越级分发机制,可能释放出人为制造对立的不稳定力量,冲击国家意识形态的话语权威;类人化的传播使意识形态个性定制成为可能,从而干扰社会舆论的正常进程。因此,必须剥离生成式人工智能技术的资本主义属性,使中国国家主流意识形态占据主导位置,同时强化人工智能引发的意识形态安全治理领域的国际合作,避免让人类科技变革的产物异化为加剧人类社会分裂和对抗的工具。This study examined whether ChatGPT had political bias toward specific political groups using a role-playing cueing technique.The conclusion is that models claiming objective neutrality have bipartisan bias within the US nation,and this bias is cross-linguistically stable.These prejudices are systematic rather than individual phenomena,involving modern political ideas such as freedom,democracy,human rights and the evaluation of the operation of real politics.ChatGPT aggravates rather than eliminates value differences and cultural conflicts in human society,and becomes an ideological machine that outputs American liberal narrative discourse.The basic reason lies in its special information hierarchical distribution mechanism,which may release artificially created opposite unstable forces and impact the discourse authority of national ideology;anthropomorphic dissemination makes it possible to customize ideological personality,thus interfering with the normal process of social public opinion.Therefore,it is necessary to strip off the capitalist attribute of generative artificial intelligence technology,so that the mainstream ideology of China can control it,and at the same time strengthen international cooperation in the field of ideological security governance triggered by artificial intelligence,so as to avoid alienating the products of human scientific and technological transformation into aggravating the existence of division and confrontation of human society.

关 键 词：ChatGPT 生成式人工智能 中美关系 政治偏见 意识形态安全 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] D771.2[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程] D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]