不同种植密度和施肥处理对尾巨桉和油茶林下百部生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Densities and Fertilization Treatments on the Growth and Yield of Stemona japonica under Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla and Camellia oleifera Forests

作　　者：蓝坚 黄海雄 尹滇 叶博 马道承 徐圆圆[2] 陆素君 LAN Jian;HUANG Hai-xiong;YIN Dian;YE Bo;MA Dao-cheng;XU Yuan-yuan;LU Su-jun(Guangxi Bobai State-Owned Forest Farm,Yulin,Guangxi 537600;College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004)

机构地区：[1]广西国有博白林场,广西玉林537600 [2]广西大学林学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2025年第1期25-30,共6页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：广西自筹经费林业科技项目(桂林科研[2022ZC]第20号);广西自筹经费林业科技项目(桂林科研[2022ZC]第23号);广西自筹经费林业科技项目(2023GXZCLK05)。

摘　　要：探究尾巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla)及油茶(Camellia oleifera)林下不同种植密度及施肥处理对百部(Stemona japonica)生长及产量的影响。本研究分别在3年生尾巨桉林及半年生油茶林下设置不同的百部种植密度(300~1500株·667 m^(-2)),并在1200株·667 m^(-2)密度下进行不同施肥试验。结果表明:(1)适度密植能促进百部生长及鲜重增加。随着种植密度的上升,百部存活率、单个块茎鲜重及块茎产量先升后降、单株地下部分鲜重逐渐降低,而单株块茎数量在尾巨桉林下先升后降,在油茶林下呈整体上升趋势;(2)两种林分下百部多数指标在施肥处理后均极显著优于对照。3 kg·株^(-1)生物有机肥可提升尾巨桉林下百部单株块茎数量,而剩余指标均在3 kg·株^(-1)有机无机复合肥A处理下取得最大值。当施肥量相同时,有机无机复合肥效果多优于生物有机肥。两个试验中油茶林下百部生长状况及产量均高于尾巨桉林下。综上所述,两种林分下百部种植密度均以1200株·667 m^(-2)效果最好,产量最高(块茎产量分别为4908.11、5959.37 kg·667 m^(-2)),而在此种植密度下施用3 kg·株^(-1)有机无机复合肥A最能促进百部植株的生长状况及产量(块茎产量分别为5521.64、6116.04 kg·667 m^(-2))。本研究成果可为百部“林-药”复合经营模式提供参考。In order to investigate the effects of different planting densities and fertilization treatments of Stemona japonica in Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla and Camellia oleifera forest.Different planting densities(300~1500 plants/667 m^(2))of S.japonica were set under 3-year-old Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla forest and 0.5-year-old Camellia oleifera forest,and different fertilization treatments were applied under 1200 plants/667 m^(2)density forests.The results showed that:(1)Regarding planting density test,moderate dense planting could promote the growth and fresh weight of S.japonica.With the increase of planting density,the survival rate of,fresh weight of single tuber and tuber yield increased of S.japonica first and then decreased,and fresh weight of underground part per plant gradually decreased,while the number of tuber per plant increased first and then decreased under Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla forest,and showed an overall upward trend under(C.oleifera)forest;(2)Regarding fertilization test,most indexes of S.japonica were significantly better than that of the control.3 kg/plant bio-organic fertilizer treatment could increase the tubers number of S.japonica under Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla forest,while the remaining indicators were the highest under 3 kg/plant organic and inorganic compound fertilizer treatment.The effect of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is better than that of organic fertilizer with the same fertilization amount,and the growth and yield of S.japonica under C.oleifera forest were higher than that under Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla forest in the two experiments.In summary,the planting density of 1200 plants/667 m^(2)under the two kinds of forests were the best(the yield of tuber were 4908.11 and 5959.37 kg/667 m^(2)),the yield was the highest,and the application of 3 kg/plant organic and inorganic compound fertilizer under this planting density could best promote the growth and yield of S.japonica(the yield of tuber were 5521.64 and 6116.04 kg/667 m^(2)).It provide t

关 键 词：林下经济 百部 种植密度 施肥处理 生长及产量 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]