陕西省楼观台林区大中型兽类多样性调查  

Diversity of Large and Medium-sized Mammals in Louguantai Forest Area of Shaanxi Province

作　　者：贾康胜 王焱 贺树军 刘冬 李保国[4] 赵海涛[2,4] JIA Kang-sheng;WANG Yan;HE Shu-jun;LIU Dong;LI Bao-guo;ZHAO Hai-tao(Qinling Giant Panda Research Center,Shaanxi Academy of Forestry,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710402;Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation,Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710032;Xi'an Wetland Protection Management Center,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710499;College of Life Science,Northwest University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710069)

机构地区：[1]陕西省林业科学院秦岭大熊猫研究中心,陕西西安710402 [2]陕西省动物研究所陕西省秦岭珍稀濒危动物保育重点实验室,陕西西安710032 [3]西安市湿地保护管理中心,陕西西安710499 [4]西北大学生命科学学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2025年第1期77-80,85,共5页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32270536);陕西省高层次人才特殊支持计划(陕人才办函[2022]6号);陕西省科学院科技计划项目(2021k-5;2022k-07;2023k-45;2023k-38;2024P-02);中国博士后科学基金(2021M702653;2024T170731);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBNY-131);中华环境保护基金美团外卖青山公益专项基金(CEPFQS202169-11);西安市科技计划项目(23RKYJ0034)。

摘　　要：野生动物的资源调查与种群监测是制定管理保护策略的重要依据。为评估和摸清陕西省楼观台实验林场大中型兽类多样性的现状,通过安放红外相机进行监测,共完成37167个相机监测日,获取独立有效照片4627张,监测到大中型兽类物种14种,隶属4目9科。其中国家一级重点保护野生动物4种:川金丝猴、金钱豹、林麝和秦岭羚牛;国家二级重点保护野生动物6种:豹猫、亚洲黑熊、黄喉貂、毛冠鹿、中华鬣羚和中华斑羚。相对多度较高的5种兽类依次为野猪、毛冠鹿、猪獾、小麂和黄喉貂,本次调查为摸清林场的兽类多样性提供了基础数据。同时发现,家畜和人类活动是该林区最为主要的干扰类型。为及时、全面掌握林区大中型兽类物种的种群动态、生境选择以及种间关系等奠定了基础,建议后续加强监测力度。Species diversity survey and monitoring of regional wild mammal are an important basis for formulating management and conservation strategies.To investigate and evaluate the status of large and medium-sized animal diversity in the Louguantai Experimental Forest Farm located on the northern slope of Mt.Qinling in Shaanxi province,a baseline survey using infrared camera traps was conducted from June 2017 to May 2021.Five line transect perpendicular to the contour,traversing the major habitat tapes,were selected and 60 infrared cameras were installed at sites showing evidence of animal activity in two separate sets.Over a period of 37167 camera-days,4627 independent photos of large and medium-sized animals were collected,and 14 mammal species belonging to 4 orders and 9 families identified.Among the state national key protected wild animals,4 are classed as category I species:Rhinopithecus roxellana,Panthera pardus,Moschus berezovskii and Budorcas bedfordi;6 are classed as category II species:Prionailurus bengalensis,Ursus thibetanus,Martes flavigula,Elaphodus cephalophus,Capricornis milneedwardsii and Naemorhedus griseus.The five species with the highest relative abundance index were Sus scrofa,Elaphodus cephalophus,Arctonyx collaris,Muntiacus reevesi and Martes flavigula.Human and livestock activities were the main disturbance in this area.This survey provided basic data for understanding the mammal diversity in the forest farm.Meanwhile,it was found that livestock and human activities were the most significant types of disturbance in the area.To timely and comprehensively grasp the population dynamics,habitat selection,and interspecific relationships of large and medium-sized mammal species in the forest area,it is recommended to strengthen monitoring efforts in the future.

关 键 词：大中型兽类 生物多样性 红外相机 相对多度 监测评估 

分 类 号：S718.6[农业科学—林学]