永磁同步电主轴退磁研究与优化  

Research and Optimization of Demagnetization Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motorized Spindle

作　　者：张及弟 单文桃 陈昆鹏 陈豫 ZHANG Jidi;SHAN Wentao;CHEN Kunpeng;CHEN Yu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou Jiangsu 213001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院机械工程学院,江苏常州213001

出　　处：《机床与液压》2025年第1期24-31,共8页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：江苏省青蓝工程中青年学术带头人项目(KYQ20004)。

摘　　要：永磁同步电主轴在高速运转过程中,由于温升及材料损耗,会使内部永磁体产生退磁,进而引发电主轴运行时产生噪声与振动。针对上述问题,对永磁体材料、永磁体转子内部结构以及电主轴工作环境等因素进行优化。建立永磁同步电主轴二维模型,并使用ANSYS Maxwell软件进行仿真。通过筛选永磁体材料、改变外部环境温度以及优化永磁体外形等方法,分析永磁同步电主轴的转矩曲线、磁密云图及气隙内部的磁场密度。建立基于遗传算法的多目标优化模型,以电主轴输出转矩、气隙磁密为优化目标,对永磁体转角处倒圆角半径进行择优。最终,确定了最优材料、工作温度以及最佳永磁体倒圆角半径,并提出几种抗磁退措施。结果表明:采用NdFe35材料作为电主轴内部永磁体能减弱电主轴振动,提高运行稳定性;电主轴工作时应控温在20~60℃;通过多目标优化方法得出最优倒圆角半径为1 mm。该优化方案在保证电主轴工作能力及稳定性的同时,使气隙磁密峰值降低了10.3%。Due to the temperature rise and material loss during the high-speed operation of the permanent magnet synchronous motorized spindle(PMSMS),the permanent magnet inside the PMSMS will be demagnetized,which will generate noise and vibration during operation.To address the above issues,the factors such as permanent magnet materials,internal structure of permanent magnet rotors and working environment of electric spindles were optimized.The 2D model of PMSMS was established and simulated by ANSYS Maxwell software.By selecting permanent magnet materials,changing the external environmental temperature and optimizing the shape of the permanent magnet,the torque curve,magnetic cloud map,and magnetic field density inside the air gap of the permanent magnet synchronous electric spindle were analyzed.A multi-objective optimization model based on genetic algorithm was established,with the output torque of the electric spindle and air gap magnetic density were taken as optimization objectives,and the fillet radius at the corner of the permanent magnet was selected.Finally,the optimal material,working temperature and fillet radius of the permanent magnet were determined,and several anti-demagnetization measures were proposed.The results show that using NdFe35 material as the internal permanent magnet of the electric spindle can reduce the vibration of the electric spindle and improve its operational stability.The temperature of the electric spindle should be controlled from 20℃to 60℃during operation.The optimal fillet radius is 1 mm by multi-objective optimization method.The optimization scheme ensures the working ability and stability of the PMSMS,the peak air-gap flux density is reduced by 10.3%.

关 键 词：永磁同步电主轴 Maxwell仿真 抗磁退 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TH133[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]