耐盐海棠新品种盐星嫁接不同苹果品种的亲和性研究  

Study on the compatibility of a new salt-tolerant Malus×robusta‘Yanxing’rootstock with different apple cultivars

作　　者：宋爽 郭文静 孟捷 胡爱双[1] 邢春强[1] 孙宇[1] SONG Shuang;GUOWenjing;MENG Jie;HU Aishuang;XING Chunqiang;SUN Yu(Institute of Coastal Agriculture,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Saline-alkali Land Greening Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Salt Tolerance in Tangshan City,Tangshan 063299,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所·河北省盐碱地绿化技术创新中心·唐山市植物耐盐研究重点实验室,河北唐山063299

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第2期314-321,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-BHS-2);河北省农林科学院科技创新人才队伍建设项目(C24R1601)。

摘　　要：【目的】解决盐碱地苹果无法正常生产的实际问题,推广优质耐盐海棠砧木。【方法】以耐盐海棠新品种盐星组培苗为砧木,探究其与不同苹果品种的嫁接亲和性。选取富士、维纳斯黄金、冀苹1号和玉冠等18个常用苹果生产品种和优质新品种为接穗,根据嫁接成活率、嫁接口愈合程度、生长量和田间亲和力常数等指标,探究盐星海棠作为苹果生产砧木的适用性。【结果】调查统计后发现,18个品种接穗的嫁接成活率都在90%以上,嫁接口愈合情况良好;接穗和砧木生长量较均衡,略有小脚现象但并不严重;田间亲和力常数都接近于2,砧木和接穗生长比较协调;利用隶属函数值综合评价各个指标,富士、维纳斯黄金、冀苹1号、昌苹8号和冀苹5号与盐星的嫁接亲和性最优,冀苹2号和王林在生长量和植株状态上表现较差,冀苹2号在嫁接第3年死亡。【结论】综上,盐星海棠作为砧木与大多数苹果品种嫁接亲和性较好,仅有个别品种不适配。研究结果为盐星海棠在苹果砧木方面的应用提供了有力的科学依据,为进一步研究盐星海棠与苹果砧穗互作机制奠定了理论基础,同时也为盐碱地苹果产业发展提供了可行途径。【Objective】Soil salinization leads to the inability of apples to grow normally,affecting the sustainable development of the apple industry.The salt tolerance of apple tree depends mainly on the rootstock.The grafting compatibility of the rootstock with scion variety is a prerequisite for normal growth.The graft survival rate is the most direct index to show the grafting compatibility in the short term.The study aimed to investigate the grafting compatibility of the salt-tolerant rootstock Yanxing with apple cultivars.【Methods】2-years old nursery trees propagated bu tissue culture of the new salttolerant Malus×robusta‘Yanxing’were used as rootstocks.18 apple cultivars were selected as scion varieties.The survival rate of the grafting units,the healing state of the grafting unions,the height and thickness of the scion part,the thickness of the rootstock and the ratio of the thickness of the rootstock and scion of each grafting combination were recorded in the end of the first growing season.The field compatibility constant(FCC)>or<2.0 indicated that the diameter of rootstock was too thick or thin,the grafting compatibility was poor.The comprehensive evaluation of the grafting compatibility was represented by the average membership degree.A larger average value of membership indicated a stronger affinity.【Results】The survival rates of the grafting unites of the 18 apple cultivars with the rootstock were over 90%,and the healing of grafting unions were good.Among them,the survival rate of Fuji and Changping No.8 was 98%.The survival rate of Jinzhou Red Fuji and 12-20 was relatively low(90%).The growth of scion and rootstock was relatively balanced,showing a slight phenomenon of small feet.In contrast,the grafting unions of Jinzhou Red Fuji and Orin with the rootstock was slightly uneven,with several nodules.Among the growth indexes,the thickness of the different scion varieties had great difference,and the thickest one was Changping No.8 and the thinnest one was Orin was.The thickness ratios of the r

关 键 词：盐星海棠 耐盐苹果砧木 嫁接成活率 嫁接亲和性 盐碱地苹果生产 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]