不同覆盖模式下苹果园根际土壤理化性质及细菌群落特征差异分析  

Analysis of differences in physicochemical properties and bacterial community characteristics of rhizosphere soil in apple orchards under different cover treatments

作　　者：胡志芳 程立君 李云国 黄国嫣 蔡荣靖 马勉娣 马静 陈晨 杨艳群 鲁兴凯 全勇 HU Zhifang;CHENG Lijun;LI Yunguo;HUANG Guoyan;CAI Rongjing;MA Miandi;MA Jing;CHEN Chen;YANG Yanqun;LU Xingkai;QUAN Yong(Apple Industry Development Center in Zhaotong,Zhaotong 657000,Yunnan,China;College of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Zhaotong University,Zhaotong 657000,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Zhaotong Apple Industry Green Development Engineering Center,Zhaotong 657000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昭通市苹果产业发展中心,云南昭通657000 [2]昭通学院农学与生命科学学院,云南昭通657000 [3]云南省教育厅昭通苹果产业绿色发展工程研究中心,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第2期322-335,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：云南省科技厅“云南省昭阳区苹果产业科技特派团”(NO.202104BI090028);云南省教育厅昭通苹果产业绿色发展工程研究中心建设项目(云教发[2024]5号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨生草覆盖(GC)和稻草覆盖(RSM)两种不同覆盖处理对苹果园根际土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】选取经GC和RSM处理的苹果园根际土壤样品,分析两种覆盖处理下土壤的理化性质、酶活性,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析比较不同覆盖处理土壤细菌群落的结构和功能,并通过LEfSe分析和随机森林方法识别核心微生物组和特异性生物标记物,结合RDA冗余分析和Pearson分析探讨关键微生物组丰度与土壤性质的相关性。【结果】GC处理显著提高了土壤中的碱解氮含量和脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,而RSM处理则显著提高了土壤含水量和速效钾含量;两种覆盖处理苹果园根际土壤中细菌的优势菌群类别在门和属水平上总体相似,在丰富度上RSM高于GC。此外,识别出5个共有核心微生物组(RB41、MND1、Ralstonia等)及5个特异性生物标记物(Ellin6067、Sphingomonas、Nocardioides等),其丰度与土壤理化性质存在较强的相关性,其中碱解氮(AN)和速效钾(AK)含量是影响细菌群落分布的主要土壤理化因子。【结论】GC和RSM两种覆盖模式下苹果园根际土壤的理化性质存在显著差异,从而导致细菌群落分布出现差异,RSM处理微生物丰富度高于GC处理,其中AN和AK是主要影响因子。研究结果为西南冷凉高地苹果园的栽培模式优化和土壤质量以及微生物功能提升提供了理论依据。【Objective】Cover cropping is a widely adopted soil management technique used in fruit tree cultivation.By planting specific vegetation to cover the ground,this practice significantly influences nutrient cycling,microbial activity,and biodiversity within the soil ecosystem.Thus,cover cropping plays a critical role in maintaining soil health and enhancing fruit quality.This study explored the impact of the grass cover(GC)and rice straw mulch(RSM)on the physicochemical properties of rhizospheric soil and the structure of bacterial communities in apple orchards.【Methods】The soil samples were collected from the apple orchards subjected to both GC and RSM treatments.We compared the physicochemical properties of the soils under each treatment,focusing on key indicators such as alkaline nitrogen(AN),soil moisture(SM),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(OM),effective phosphorus(AP),pH level,soil bulk density(SBD),and soil porosity(SP).Additionally,enzyme activities were measured,specifically for urease(UA)and alkaline phosphatase(APA).The structure and functionality of the bacterial communities were analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA.The core microbiomes and specific biomarkers were identified through LEfSe analysis and random forest methods.Moreover,the redundancy analysis(RDA)and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to explore the relationships between the key microbial abundances and soil physicochemical properties.【Results】The significant differences were observed in the physicochemical properties of the soil under different treatments.The GC treatment led to an increase in AN levels,while the RSM treatment enhanced SM and AK.However,no significant differences were detected between the two treatments concerning OM,AP,pH,SBD,and SP.Furthermore,the enzyme activities of UA and APA in the soil with GC treatment were significantly higher than those in the soil with RSM treatment(p<0.05),with increases of 76.81%and 45.24%,respectively.Conversely,there were no significant dif

关 键 词：苹果园 土壤覆盖 根际土壤 细菌群落 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]