云南会泽地区草莓多年一栽制生产模式下产量下降原因探究  

Exploration of the reasons for yield decline in the perennial harvesting model of strawberries in Huize county of Yunnan province

作　　者：李双桃 孙瑞 万红[2] 隗永青 吴瑞双 董静[1] 常琳琳[1] 魏灵芝 陶磅[2] 熊融[1] 钟传飞[1] 高用顺 张宏力 张运涛[1] 王桂霞[1] 孙健[1] LI Shuangtao;SUN Rui;WAN Hong;WEI Yongqing;WU Ruishuang;DONG Jing;CHANG Linlin;WEI Lingzhi;TAO Pang;XIONG Rong;ZHONG Chuanfei;GAO Yongshun;ZHANG Hongli;ZHANG Yuntao;WANG Guixia;SUN Jian(Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100093,China;Horticultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所·农业农村部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室·北京市草莓工程技术研究中心·北京市落叶果树工程技术研究中心·农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室,北京100093 [2]云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第2期376-390,共15页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-24-A-14);北京农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项基金(KJCX20230118)。

摘　　要：【目的】云南会泽地区为我国四季草莓主产区,主要采取多年一栽模式,即一次定植连续多年收获,后期产量逐年下降,多年生产后重新定植连作障碍问题十分严重。解析草莓多年一栽生产模式下的产量下降原因,能够为该模式提质升级和可持续发展提供理论基础。【方法】在盛果期对不同生产年份土壤取样,检测土壤有机质含量、pH、电导率以及主要矿质养分含量并比较分析;提取土壤微生物DNA,通过高通量测序分析细菌和真菌群落结构和功能变化,并与土壤理化性状进行相关性分析。【结果】多年一栽模式下,土壤p H平均每年下降0.87,土壤电导率(EC)每年上升60.40%,第四年土壤有机质含量下降超过59%。微生物群落多样性逐年降低,第4年土壤微生物Chao1指数下降41.8%,真菌多样性下降52.5%;N循环相关细菌的相对丰度降低,大多数C循环与N循环细菌丰度与土壤有机质含量呈正相关,而与土壤EC呈负相关。同时,随着收获年限增加,FUNGuild分析显示病原菌和腐生菌相对丰度呈增加趋势,其中镰孢菌属为最主要病原菌,同时有益菌如共生真菌和丛枝菌根真菌相对丰度显著降低。【结论】会泽地区特殊的栽培模式导致土壤酸化、土壤盐渍化、有机质亏缺、土壤微生物群落结构失衡,从而导致土壤退化和草莓减产。【Objective】Strawberries(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)are typically planted annually with annual disinfection treatments to suppress pests and diseases.In contrast,strawberries are cultivated perennially in Huize,Yunnan,China,fruits can be harvested for 3-5 years after planting.This strategy results in low carbon emissions and significantly reduces the labor input and the cost of nursery supplies,chemical fumigants,and plastic film.Under this cultivation system the yield and profits of strawberry decreases from the third year after planting,and the production becomes unprofitable in the fifth year.Soil degradation is suspected to be the reason for the inability to sustain stable production.This study aimed to survey the factors affecting the soil degradation in perennial cultivation(PC)area.【Methods】We examined the soil nutrient traits and the microbial structure of four strawberry fields following perennial cultivation in this area,the SOM(Soil organic matter)content,pH,and key mineral nutrient contents of the strawberry(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,and Mo)were assessed.The soil microbial community was analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing based on Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform.The soil microbial functions were predicted to determine the effects of PC on soil microbial communities.The microbial function focusing on C-cycling and N-cycling processes were assessed to determine the soil productivity tendency.【Results】Our results indicated that PC resulted in significant soil acidification,salinization,and organic matter deficiency.The average soil pH was 5.58±0.67 in the first year and decreased to 4.35±0.53,3.57±0.28,and 2.98±0.04 in the second,third,and fourth years,respectively.The average SOM content was 0.66%±0.14%in the first year and 0.27%±0.03%in the fourth year(a 25.6%decrease per year).The average soil EC was 328.5±113.3 in the first year and 923.7±158 in the fourth year(a 41.1%increase per year).The Ca content showed a generally decreasing trend at most sites,and the lowest Ca content was f

关 键 词：草莓 多年一栽模式 产量下降 土壤退化 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]