梨园中黑斑病菌可接种侵染并显症的植物种类分析  

Analysis of plant species enabling to infect with Alternaria alternata in pear orchards

作　　者：张胜平 程颖 赵世航 赵佳强 高琪 王晋 徐国良[1] ZHANG Shengping;CHENG Ying;ZHAO Shihang;ZHAO Jiaqiang;GAO Qi;WANG Jin;XU Guoliang(Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Shijiazhuang 050061,Hebei,China;Modern Agricultural Extension Center,Handan Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Handan 056001,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所,石家庄050061 [2]邯郸市农业农村局现代农业推进服务中心,河北邯郸056001

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第2期391-400,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(HBCT2024150208);河北省农林科学院科技创新人才队伍建设资助项目(C23R0702)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析梨园中存在感染Alternaria alternata显症的寄主植物种类,验证显症寄主植物中的A.alternata是梨黑斑病发生的一个潜在侵染源头。【方法】选取梨园中常见的25种植物为试验对象,室内接种A.alternata孢悬液,筛选和验证显症的植物为A.alternata的寄主植物;分离显症寄主植物中A.alternata,并将分离自不同显症寄主植物的A.alternata回接至健康的梨叶片上进行致病性验证。【结果】苹果、海棠、樱桃、月季、花生、枣6种植物叶片分别接种A.alternata孢悬液后出现明显的症状,而显症植物中分离的A.alternata回接至健康梨叶片可引起健康梨叶片显症。【结论】梨园中存在可接种侵染并显症A.alternata寄主植物,感染A.alternata的寄主植物是梨黑斑病发生的一个潜在侵染源头。【Objective】The study aimed to determine some plant hosts by Alternaria alternata in pear orchards and these plant hosts could show typical black spot disease.Simultaniously,A.alternata from these diseased plant hosts has the pathogenicity on pear leaves.【Methods】The pathogen A.alternata stored at-4℃,was activated and cultivated using PDA agar medium at(26±1)℃for 4 days.The activation of A.alternata was identified by nested PCR for containing ITS gene of A.alternata.The nested PCR results on ITS gene of A.alternata were used for comparison in follow-up experiment.Healthy pear leaves were inoculated with activated A.alternata suspension to demonstrate its pathogenicity on pear leaves.For 8 days later,we observed symptoms on pear leaves.Nest PCR reaction on the ITS gene of A.alternata was used to detect the diseased pear leaves.The diseased pear leaf tissue of 1 cm^(2) was inoculated on the PDA agar medium at 26±1℃in the dark for 72 h.This step was carried out for A.alternata isolation.A microbe was isolated from the diseased pear leaf.The white mycelium of the microbe was gotten from PDA agar medium with a pair of sterilized scissors,and then were inoculated on a new PDA agar medium 96 h for purification.The appearances of colonies were observed.The colonies were identified by nest PCR reaction on the ITS gene of A.alternata.In order to determine plant hosts of A.alternata existing in pear orchards,twenty-five different kinds of plant species were provided to inoculate the same volume of A.alternata isolation suspension respectively.All plant species were transplanted into a incubator for 16 h at 28℃(day)and 8 h at 25℃(night).Relative humidity in the incubator was controlled to 80%±5%.All treated samples were incubated in the incubator for 14 days.According to leaf symptoms and lesion areas,leaves with obvious symptoms were used for pathogen isolation again.The second generation purification of pathogen from diseased leaves infected with A.alternata were observed.In order to identify the second

关 键 词：梨黑斑病 A.alternata 寄主植物 侵染源 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]