马克思的文明形态思想及其当代价值  

Marx’s Thought on the Form of Civilization and Its Contemporary Value

作　　者：曹胜亮 杨怡然 CAO Shengiang;YANG Yiran(School of Marxism,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China;School of Marxism,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430205 [2]武汉大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期68-79,共12页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“党建引领乡村治理法治化水平提升研究”(23BDJ013);国家社会科学基金项目“人类文明新形态融入高校思想政治理论课教学的实践研究”(22VSZ30)。

摘　　要：马克思文明形态思想的出场具有历史的必然性。世界历史时代的到来、资本主义文明的悖论和无产阶级的革命运动是其产生的特定时代背景。19世纪空想社会主义者圣西门与傅立叶的文明批判思想、德国古典哲学中康德的世界公民思想和黑格尔的世界历史思想是其产生的主要理论来源。马克思以生产方式的发展程度、人的解放程度和地域的差异作为划分文明形态的根本依据,揭示了文明的社会形态、历史形态、地域形态的主要特征与文明成就。这三种文明形态的划分都蕴含了实现人的自由全面发展的价值诉求,表征了人类社会历史的发展与进步,体现了人类对文明形态的不断创新与不懈追求,彰显出马克思文明形态思想深厚的价值底蕴。在新时代,其理论价值在于为坚持历史唯物主义基本原理和方法论提供理论遵循,为透视资本主义文明本质提供重要视角和为人类文明新形态的构建提供理论基础;其实践价值在于为坚持走中国特色社会主义文明发展道路指明方向,为通过“两个结合”实现中华文明的现代形态提供思想方法,为构建人类命运共同体提供理论指导。The appearance of Marx’s thought on the form of civilization has historical inevitability.The advent of the era of world history,the paradox of capitalist civilization and the revolutionary movement of the proletariat were the specific background of its emergence.The civilization-critical thought of the 19th-century utopian socialists San-Simeon and Fourier,the world-citizenship thought of Kant in classical German philosophy,and the world-history thought of Hegel are the direct and main theoretical sources of Marx’s ideas on the form of civilization.Marx took the degree of development of the mode of production,the degree of human emancipation,and geographical differences as the fundamental basis for dividing the forms of civilization,revealed the main characteristics and achievements of the social form of civilization,the historical form of civilization,and the territorial form of civilization.The division of these three forms of civilization all contains the value appeal of realizing the free and all-round development of human beings,symbolize the development and progress of human society and history,embody mankind’s continuous innovation and relentless pursuit of human civilization.Marx’s thought on the form of civilization has demonstrated its profound value.In the new era,its theoretical value lies in providing theoretical guidelines for adhering to the basic principles and methodology of historical materialism,providing an important perspective on the nature of capitalist civilization,and providing a theoretical basis for the construction of a new form of human civilization.Its practical value lies in pointing out the direction for China to adhere to the development path of socialist civilization with Chinese characteristics,providing ideological methods for realizing the modern form of Chinese civilization through the“two combinations”,and providing a theoretical guidance for building a community with a shared future for mankind.

关 键 词：马克思 文明形态思想 唯物史观 

分 类 号：A715[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]