客工计划中的政府监管与中介授权——以中越跨境劳务合作为例  

Government Regulation and Intermediary Authorization in the Guest Worker Program:A Case Study of Cross-border Labor Cooperation Between China and Vietnam

作　　者：黄岩[1,2] 王彬彬[1] Yan Huang;Binbin Wang

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院 [2]华南理工大学广东社会保障研究中心

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2025年第1期146-161,199,200,共18页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国式现代化进程中文化和旅游深度融合发展研究”(23ZDA091);华南理工大学中央高校专项经费项目(C2240450)。

摘　　要：跨境劳务合作计划自2017年正式落地广西后便取得快速发展,地方政府充分利用这一政策红利引进越南工人,以承接东南沿海地区的劳动密集型产业转移。30天签证政策的严格约束,使中央政府、地方政府、用工企业、中介公司共同维持了一个动态平衡的用工管理模式。在安全化和商业化的双重目标指引下,越南客工的超短期签证政策得到了严格执行,客工的脱离监管和逾期不归现象远少于日本、韩国和中国台湾,并且客工的劳动权益也得到保障。引进外国劳工对于中国各级政府而言,都是一个富有挑战性的政策学习过程。论文所呈现的案例其政策创新之处在于,地方政府通过充分向中介公司授权并施以严格监管,制造了一个动态的劳动力市场和中介服务市场,这种动态监管引导中介公司和用工企业良性竞争。中央政府与地方政府基于利益平衡达成的政策,有效推进了安全化和商业化目标的实现,超越了东亚其他国家和地区的客工管理模式。The cross-border labor cooperation program has been developing rapidly since it officially landed in Guangxi in 2017,and the local government has made full use of this policy dividend to introduce Vietnamese workers and undertake the transfer of labor-intensive industries in the southeast coastal areas.The strict constraints of the 30-day visa system make the central government,local governments,employment enterprises,and intermediary companies jointly maintain a dynamic and balanced employment management model.Under the guidance of the dual goals of security and commercialization,the ultra-short-term visa policy for Vietnamese guest workers is strictly implemented,and the phenomenon of escape and overstay of guest workers is far less than that of Japan,the republic of Korea and Chinese Taiwan,and the labor rights and interests of guest workers are also protected.The introduction of foreign workers has been a challenging policy learning process for Chinese governments at all levels.The policy innovation practice presented in this case is that the local government creates a dynamic labor market and intermediary service market by fully authorizing and strictly supervising the intermediary companies,and this dynamic supervision guides the healthy competition between the intermediary companies and the employment enterprises.The visa and supervision policies reached by the central government and local governments based on the balance of interests have effectively promoted the realization of security and commercialization goals,surpassing the guest worker management model in other countries and regions in East Asia.

关 键 词：跨境劳务合作 客工 安全化 商业化 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]