大型原油储罐全液面火灾与局部火灾事故模拟对比研究  

Comparative study on simulation of pool fire and localized fire accidents of large crude oil storage tanks

作　　者：李健 郭雅迪 李明泽 吴泽琳 Li Jian;Guo Yadi;Li Mingze;Wu Zelin(State Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Group Co.,LTD,Beijing 100013;China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249)

机构地区：[1]国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司,北京100013 [2]中国石油大学(北京),北京102249

出　　处：《石化技术》2025年第1期129-131,128,共4页Petrochemical Industry Technology

摘　　要：为研究拱顶密封圈破裂引发的火灾规律,使用火灾动力学模拟软件(Fire Dynamics Simulator)建立了5000 m^(3)油罐模型,模拟了全液面火灾和拱顶密封圈破裂局部火灾。比较了两种火灾类型的温度和热辐射分布,并依据热辐射破坏准则和罐区设计规范,讨论了储罐的安全间距。研究发现,拱顶密封圈破裂的局部火灾分为喷射、稳定燃烧和回归三个阶段,喷射阶段的热辐射值可达全液面火灾时的45倍。拱顶罐火灾的热辐射强度随距离增加而减小,根据热通量破坏准则,地上大型拱顶储罐的防火间距应为罐径的0.75倍。In order to study the fire pattern caused by rupture of vault seals,a 5000 m3 tank was modeled using Fire Dynamics Simulator software,and full liquid level fires and localized fires with rupture of vault seals were simulated.The temperature and heat radiation distributions of the two fire types were compared,and the safe spacing of the storage tanks was discussed based on the heat radiation damage criterion and the tank design code.It was found that a localized fire with a ruptured vault seal is divided into three phases:injection,steady combustion,and regression,and that the thermal radiation values in the injection phase can be 45 times higher than those in the case of a full-liquid level fire.The intensity of heat radiation from a vault tank fire decreases with distance,and according to the heat flux damage criterion,the fire separation for aboveground large vault storage tanks should be 0.75 times the tank diameter.

关 键 词：原油储罐 数值模拟 全液面火灾 局部火灾 安全距离 

分 类 号：TE9[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]