沙棘雌雄株的水力结构和光合特性研究  

Study on the Hydraulic Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Male and Female Hippophae rhamnoides L.

作　　者：卢敏敏 张国安 宋雯 王林[1] LU Minmin;ZHANG Guoan;SONG Wen;WANG Lin(College of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第12期1-5,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC139);山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221051)。

摘　　要：为了深入了解沙棘雌雄株的生长和生理特性以及环境适应性,并据此制定针对性的抚育措施并提供理论依据,比较不同水分条件下沙棘雌雄株之间生长、光合特性和水力结构的差异。结果表明:雄株的株高和冠幅显著高于雌株,雄株的株高比雌株高12.4%,冠幅比雌株高22.62%,叶面积比雌株高24.28%;在较为干旱的6月,沙棘雄株的正午水势、枝条导水率、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率显著高于雌株,导水损失率(PLC)显著低于雌株;在水分条件较好的8月,雄株的光合速率依然显著高于雌株,但正午水势、枝条导水率和PLC与雌株没有显著差异。综上,在干旱时期,沙棘雌株更为敏感,雌株更多通过降低气孔导度来减少水分散失,而雄株在逆境下的响应更为主动,雄株可能通过根系生长和水分吸收来应对逆境。生产上,沙棘雄株可以用于造林防沙、保持水土、营造生态型灌木林,雌株可以用于营造经济林。In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the growth,physiological characteristics and environmental adaptability of male and female of Hippophae rhamnoides L.,and to formulate targeted tending measures and provide theoretical basis.In this study,the differences in growth,photosynthetic characteristics and hydraulic structure between male and female plants of Hippophae rhamnoides L.under different water conditions were compared.The results showed that the plant height and crown width of the male plants were significantly higher than those of the female plants,and the plant height of the male plant was 12.4%higher than that of the female plant,the crown width was 22.62%higher than that of the female plant,and the leaf area was 24.28%higher than that of the female plant.In the darid June,the midday water potential,hydraulic conductivity of shoot,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the male were significantly higher than those of the female,and the peercentage loss of conductivity(PLC)was significantly lower than the females.In August,when the water conditions were better,the photosynthetic rate of male plants was still significantly higher than female plants,but there were no significant differences between the midday water potential,hydraulic conductivity of shoot and PLC.In conclusion,the female plants of Hippophae rhamnoides L.were more sensitive during the drought period,and the female plants reduced water dispersion loss by reducing the stomatal conductance,while the male plants were more active in responding to adversity,and the male plants may respond to the adversity through active root growth and water absorption.In production,the male plants of Hippophae rhamnoides L.can be used for afforestation to control sand,conserve soil and water,and create ecological shrub forests,female plants can be used to establish economic forests.

关 键 词：沙棘 光合特性 水力结构 生长 雌雄株 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] S793.6[农业科学—林木遗传育种]