结荚初期光富集和遮荫处理对大豆光合特性、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Light Enrichment and Shading during the Early Stage of Pod Formation on the Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Soybean

作　　者：刘兵[1] 冯红波[1] 高爽 张曦文 LIU Bing;FENG Hongbo;GAO Shuang;ZHANG Xiwen(College of Life Science,Jilin Normal University,Siping,Jilin 136000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学生命科学学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第12期6-9,17,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172123);吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(JJKH20230521KJ)。

摘　　要：为了探讨不同群体光环境下大豆光合特征和产量品质的变化,以绥农31、东生7号和合丰55为试验材料,通过在结荚初期分别进行光富集和遮荫处理,测定大豆光合特征、产量和品质等指标。结果表明,在光富集处理下,大豆叶片净光合速率呈上升趋势,但未达到显著水平。光富集处理使绥农31和合丰55的叶片气孔导度分别增加17.6%和15.8%;叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度略有下降,但未达到显著水平;叶片蒸腾速率呈上升趋势,其中东生7号的叶片蒸腾速率显著增加12.3%。在遮荫处理下,3个大豆品种的净光合速率显著降低26.8%~37.8%,气孔导度降低19.4%~25.2%,叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度显著增加10.9%~14.4%,叶片蒸腾速率显著降低12.5%~26.4%。光富集处理和遮荫处理分别增加和降低了大豆单株产量,并改变了大豆籽粒品质,但不同品种间有所差异。光富集处理使大豆产量增加27.9%~49.0%,籽粒蛋白质含量提高1.20%~1.97%,而脂肪含量降低2.12%~4.13%;遮荫处理使大豆产量减少37.7%~44.6%,籽粒蛋白质含量降低2.63%~5.76%,籽粒脂肪含量增加4.65%~5.08%。综上,本研究可为探索大豆合理的种植模式,提高大豆产量和品质提供参考。In order to investigate the changes in photosynthetic characteristics and yield quality of soybeans under different light environments,Suinong 31,Dongsheng 7,and Hefeng 55 were used as experimental materials.Through light enrichment and shading treatments at the early stage of pod formation,the photosynthetic characteristics and yield quality indicators of soybeans were measured.The results showed that under light enrichment treatment,the net photosynthetic rate of soybean leaves showed an increasing trend,but did not reached a significant level.The light enrichment treatment increased the stomatal conductance of soybean leaves in Suinong 31 and Hefeng 55 varieties by 17.6%and 15.8%,respectively.The intercellular CO_(2) concentration in leaves slightly decreased,but did not reached a significant level.The transpiration rate of leaves showed an increasing trend,among which the transpiration rate of Dongsheng 7 soybean leaves significantly increased by 12.3%.Under shading treatment,the net photosynthetic rate of the three soybean varieties significantly decreased by 26.8%to 37.8%,stomatal conductance decreased by 19.4%to 25.2%,intercellular CO_(2) concentration in soybean leaves significantly increased by 10.9%to 14.4%,and transpiration rate of soybean leaves significantly decreased by 12.5%to 26.4%.Light enrichment and shading had a trend of increasing and decreasing soybean yield per plant,respectively,and changed soybean seed quality,but there were certain differences between different varieties.Light enrichment increased soybean yield by 27.9%to 49.0%,increased seed protein content by 1.20%to 1.97%,and decreased fat content by 2.63%to 5.76%;Shade reduced soybean yield by 37.7%to 44.6%,decreased seed protein content by 2.63%to 5.76%,and increased seed fat content by 4.65%to 5.08%.This study can provide reference for exploring the rational mode of soybean planting and improving soybean yield and quality.

关 键 词：大豆 光富集 产量 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]