施氮量对藜麦养分吸收与分配的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on Nutrient Uptake and Distribution in Quinoa

作　　者：廖雨 胡雨彤 冯耀祖[4] 俞天胜[5] 张少民[6] 贾宏涛[1,2,3] LIAO Yu;HU Yutong;FENG Yaozu;YU Tiansheng;ZHANG Shaomin;JIA Hongtao(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830052,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes in Xinjiang Autonomous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjiang Green Planting Engineering Center,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Qitai Wheat Experiment Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qitai,Xinjiang 831800,China;Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程自治区重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆绿色种植业工程中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [4]新疆农业科学院科技成果转化中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [5]新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台831800 [6]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第12期10-17,共8页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02010)。

摘　　要：为明确施氮量对藜麦养分吸收和累积分配规律的影响,设置不同施氮量(0、80、160、240 kg·hm^(-2))的田间试验,测定藜麦根、茎、叶和穗部养分吸收、分配比例和产量。结果表明,藜麦根、茎、叶部养分吸收量在现蕾期达到最大值,之后逐渐下降。穗部氮、磷吸收量在现蕾期达到最大值,钾吸收量在灌浆期达到最大值。根部氮、磷、钾吸收量最大值分别为29.09、9.27、115.96 g·kg^(-1),茎部氮、磷、钾吸收量最大值分别为36.54、4.15、88.29 g·kg^(-1),叶部氮、磷、钾吸收量最大值分别为67.12、5.35、100.53 g·kg^(-1),穗部氮、磷、钾吸收量最大值分别为50.21、7.58、75.68 g·kg^(-1)。现蕾期和盛花期,养分主要累积分配在叶部和茎部;灌浆期和成熟期,养分逐渐向穗部运移;成熟期,穗部氮、磷、钾平均累积量占比分别为71.33%、83.66%、55.29%。施氮量为160 kg·hm^(-2)时,藜麦的生长和产量表现最好。综上所述,藜麦施氮量为160 kg·hm^(-2)时,氮、磷、钾的养分吸收、养分累积分配和产量达到最大值。In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen application on quinoa's nutrient absorption and accumulation distribution patterns,field experiments under different nitrogen application conditions(0,80,160,240 kg·hm^(-2))had been set up.The nutrient absorption and distribution ratios for the root,stem,leaf,and panicle,as well as the yield,had been measured.The results showed that the nutrient absorption by the roots,stems,and leaves of quinoa had reached its maximum at the booting stage and then gradually decreased.The nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by the panicles had peaked at the booting stage,while potassium absorption reached its maximum at the filling stage.The maximum nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium absorption values of the roots were 29.09,9.27,115.96 g·kg^(-1),respectively.The maximum nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium absorption values of the stems were 36.54,4.15,88.29 g·kg^(-1),respectively.The maximum nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium absorption values of the leaves were 67.12,5.35,100.53 g·kg^(-1),respectively.The maximum nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium absorption values of the ears were 50.21,7.58,75.68 g·kg^(-1),respectively.Nutrient accumulation was mainly distributed in the leaves and stems during the booting and flowering stages,and gradually moved to the panicles during the filling and maturation stages.At the maturity stage,the average nutrient accumulation distribution ratios in the panicles for nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium were 71.33%,83.66%,55.29%,respectively.When the nitrogen application rate was 160 kg·hm^(-2),quinoa's growth and yield had shown the best performance.In conclusion,the optimal nitrogen application rate of 160 kg·hm^(-2) has been determined as the best for quinoa,as the maximum absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,the highest nutrient accumulation and distribution,and the greatest yield has been achieved.

关 键 词：藜麦 氮肥 养分吸收 养分分配 

分 类 号：S519[农业科学—作物学]