不同还田量对宁夏引黄灌区水稻秸秆腐解特征与产量的影响  

The Impact of Different Amounts of Returning Farmland on the Decomposition Characteristics and Yield of Rice Straw in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia

作　　者：马志琪 徐灿 陈永伟[1] 哈蓉 何毅 马文礼[1] MA Zhiqi;XU Can;CHEN Yongwei;HA Rong;HE Yi;MA Wenli(Ningxia Land Reclamation Agriculture,Forestry and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Service Center,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750011,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农垦农林牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川750011

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第12期18-24,共7页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新项目(NGSB-2021-13)。

摘　　要：为揭示宁夏引黄灌区不同水稻秸秆还田量对秸秆腐解特征及后茬水稻产量的影响,设置单因素完全随机试验,4个处理分别为水稻秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆还田量3750 kg·hm^(-2)(T1)、秸秆还田量6750 kg·hm^(-2)(T2)和秸秆还田量9750 kg·hm^(-2)(T3),测定水稻秸秆腐解率、秸秆组分和全氮、全磷、全钾含量。结果表明,水稻秸秆还田后,腐解率初期快后期慢,秸秆腐解90~350 d,T1、T2、T3处理的腐解率范围分别为48.0%~63.2%、46.0%~61.0%和44.7%~57.0%,不同腐解天数下不同处理的腐解率由大到小排序均为T1>T2>T3。秸秆腐解350 d,秸秆纤维素、半纤维素和木质素腐解率范围分别为54.0%~59.8%、70.1%~76.1%和38.9%~45.1%,T3处理的各组分腐解速率都较低。水稻秸秆腐殖质中,N、P、K释放率范围分别为43%~40.8%、45.25%~53.07%、58.68%~63.64%,不同腐解天数下腐解率由大到小排序均为T1>T2>T3,秸秆腐解350 d,T1处理的K释放率最高,为63.64%,P和N释放率分别为53.07%和43.00%,T2和T3处理的K、P、N腐解率比T1处理降低2.20%~3.61%、3.35%~7.82%和2.48%~4.95%。与CK相比,T1处理的穗数、每穗实粒数和千粒质量分别提高3.1%、6.5%、4.5%,但未达到显著水平,产量增幅为14.4%,达到显著水平;T2处理的每穗实粒数和千粒质量显著提高12.6%和5.9%,T3处理的千粒质量显著提高9.4%。综上,宁夏引黄灌区水稻秸秆还田后,通过释放秸秆养分可提高穗数、穗实粒数和千粒质量,显著影响土壤速效养分含量,实现后茬水稻增产14.4%~22.7%;考虑到秸秆腐解特征,宁夏引黄灌区水稻秸秆还田量以6750 kg·hm^(-2)为最佳。In order to reveal the effects of different rice straw returning amounts on straw decomposition characteristics and subsequent rice yield in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia,a single factor completely randomized experiment was set up.The four treatments were no straw returning(CK),3750 kg·hm^(-2) straw returning(T1),6750 kg·hm^(-2) straw returning(T2)and 9750 kg·hm^(-2) straw returning(T3),respectively.The results showed that after rice straw was returned to the field,the decomposition rate was fast at the initial stage and slow at the late stage,and the decomposition time of straw was 90-350 days.The decomposition rates of T1,T2 and T3 treatments were 48.0%-63.2%,46.0%-61.0%and 44.7%-57.0%,respectively.The decomposition rates of different treatments were T1>T2>T3 from large to small under different decomposition days.The decomposition rates of straw cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin ranged from 54.0%to 59.8%,70.1%to 76.1%and 38.9%to 45.1%after 350 days of straw decomposition,respectively.The decomposition rates of each component in T3 treatment were low.In rice straw humus,the release rates of N,P and K were 43%-40.8%,45.25%-53.07%and 58.68%-63.64%,respectively.The decomposition rates of T1>T2>T3 in different decomposition days were in the order of T1>T2>T3.At 350 days of straw decomposition,the release rate of K in T1 treatment was the highest,63.64%,and the release rates of P and N were 53.07%and 43.00%,respectively.The decomposition rates of K,P and N in T2 and T3 treatment were 2.20%-3.61%,3.35%-7.82%and 2.48%-4.95%lower than those in T1 treatment.Compared with CK,the panicles,grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight of T1 treatment were increased by 3.1%,6.5%and 4.5%,respectively,but they did not reach a significant level,and the yield increased by 14.4%,reaching a significant level.The number of grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight of T2 treatment were significantly increased by 12.6%and 5.9%,and the 1000 grain weight of T3 treatment was significantly increased by 9.4%.In conclusion,afte

关 键 词：引黄灌区 水稻 秸秆还田 腐解特征 养分释放 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]