不同肥水用量与施用时期对设施小白菜生长、品质和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizer and Water Amount and Time on Growth,Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Pakchoi

作　　者：焦圣群 李际会 张磊 刘雪平 赵莉 张永涛 JIAO Shengqun;LI Jihui;ZHANG Lei;LIU Xueping;ZHAO Li;ZHANG Yongtao(Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linyi,Shandong 276012,China;Linyi Meteorological Bureau,Linyi,Shandong 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂市农业科学院,山东临沂276012 [2]临沂市气象局,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第12期25-29,35,共6页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队(SDAIT-05-18)。

摘　　要：为探明肥料减量下小白菜肥水合理施用时期,以期为高产优质小白菜生产提供技术支持,设置灌水量(W)、施肥量(F)、同生长期不同灌水施肥量(WF)3个因素,利用正交试验设计L_(9)(3^(4))进行生长试验操作,并增加正常灌水不施肥空白处理(CK),研究不同肥水施用量与施用时期对小白菜生长、品质和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,当灌水量为正常量的115%、施肥量为正常量的80%,并且小白菜生长前期(0~10 d)灌水施肥量占施用总量的15%、生育中期(11~20 d)和生长后期(21~30 d)各占施用总量的42.5%时,小白菜单株鲜质量最大,为42.80 g,此时植株硝酸盐积累最少,可溶性糖含量最高,为4.16 mg·g^(-1),并且水分利用效率高于其他处理。由此可见,在肥料减量20%的情况下,小白菜生长中后期增加灌水施肥量,可以提高小白菜产量,减少叶片硝态氮积累,增加可溶性糖含量,提高水分利用效率。In order to investigate the optimal timing for fertilizer and water application for high-yield and high-quality production of pakchoi(Brassica campestris L.ssp.Chinensis Makino)under reduced fertilizer conditions,three factors were considered:irrigation amount(W),fertilization amount(F),and different irrigation and fertilization amount(WF)with the same growth stages.An Orthogonal experimental design L_(9)(3^(4))was employed,with an additional control group(CK)receiving normal irrigation without fertilization,to study the effects of different fertilizer quantities,water irrigation amount and timings on the growth,quality and water use efficiency(WUE)of pakchoi under substrate cultivation conditions.The results showed that when the irrigation amount was 115%of the normal amount and the fertilizer amount was 80%of the normal amount,and the amount of irrigation and fertilization was 15%of the total amount in the early growth stage(0-10 d)42.5%in the middle growth stage(11-20 d)and 42.5%in the late growth stage(21-30 d),the single fresh weight of pakchoi peaked at 42.80 g.Additionally,the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen was minimized,while soluble sugar content maximized at 4.16 mg·g^(-1).The water use efficiency was higher than other treatments.Therefore,under reduced fertilizer conditions,appropriately increasing the irrigation amount and maintaining consistent application levels in the middle and late stages can enhance pakchoi yield,decrease nitrate nitrogen accumulation,elevate soluble sugar content,and improve water use efficiency.

关 键 词：肥料减量 小白菜产量 可溶性糖 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]