天津稻作农田土壤理化特性及稻米品质分布特征  

Distribution Characteristics of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Rice Quality in Rice Cropping Field of Tianjin

作　　者：杨婷婷 江胜国 邬立 郑爱军 YANG Tingting;JIANG Shengguo;WU Li;ZHENG Aijun(Tianjin Geology Research and Marine Geological Center,Tianjin 300170,China;Tianjin Huakan Group Company Limited,Tianjin 300170,China;Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center,Tianjin 300061,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市地质研究和海洋地质中心,天津300170 [2]天津华勘集团有限公司,天津300170 [3]天津市农业发展服务中心,天津300061

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第12期36-43,共8页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：天津市盐碱地调查项目(TGPC-2023-D-0441);天津华北地质勘查局科研项目(HK2024-B03)。

摘　　要：为研究天津小站稻种植区土壤质量状况及其对稻米稻品质的影响,以津南小站镇为调查区域,基于25个土壤调查点位、7项肥力指标、11项盐碱化指标、16项微量元素指标和4项稻米品质指标,采用统计分析方法探清土壤肥力、微量元素和盐碱化指标分布特征,结合相关性分析方法探究其对小站稻稻米品质的影响。结果表明,土壤全氮、全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量丰富。微量元量B、Cu、Mn、S、Zn和Fe的全量和有效态含量较高,全量Mo和有效态Se含量较低。土壤pH平均值范围为8.07~8.96,整体呈碱性。土壤全盐含量为1.64 g·kg^(-1),轻度盐渍化土壤占比60%;盐分离子以Na^(+)和Cl^(-)为主,氯化物型盐渍土占比64%。津南小站镇稻米垩白度、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量分别为1.27%、81.14 mm和17.75%,达到二级及以上标准,整体品质较优。相关性分析结果表明,土壤有机质与Na^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)呈负相关,与养分、有效态B、Cu、Mn、Mo、S、Zn呈正相关。有效态B、Mn、Mo、S和Se与K^(+)呈正相关,与SO_(4)^(2-)呈负相关。稻米垩白度、胶稠度、直链淀粉与土壤有效态B、Zn、Fe呈正相关,蛋白质与有效态Mo呈正相关。综上,天津小站稻种植区土壤整体呈碱性、轻度盐渍化、氯化物型盐渍土特征,土壤养分水平较高,微量元素含量较为丰富,稻米品质较优。研究结果可为小站稻种植区盐碱土壤改良和作物精准施肥提供理论依据。In order to study the soil quality condition and its influence on rice quality in the Xiaozhan rice growing area of Tianjin,25 soil sites in Xiaozhan Town of Jinnan were investigated in this study to obtain the data of 7 indicators of fertility,11 indicators of salinity and alkalinity,16 indicators of trace elements and 4 indicators of rice quality.A comprehensive survey of nutrient content,trace elements content,salt content,salt ions composition and distribution characteristics of rice quality was conducted using statistical analysis and correlation analysis methods.The results showed that the total P,total K,available P and K in soil were relatively high.The contents of total and available B,Cu,Mn,S,Zn and Fe were abundant,while the contents of total Mo and available Se were deficient.The pH value of soil was fluctuated from 8.07 to 8.96,and the overall soil was alkaline.The total salt content of soil was 1.64 g·kg^(-1),and 60%of the soil was classified as mildly saline soil.And 64%of the soil were chloride-type saline soils with high levels of Na^(+)and Cl^(-).The chalkiness,gel consistency,and the amylose content of rice in Xiaoshan Town of Jinnan were 1.27%,81.14 mm and 17.75%,meeting the standards of Grade 2 and above,indicating that the rice is of good quality.The results of correlation analysis showed that negative correlations between soil organic matter and Na^(+)and SO_(4)^(2-),and positive correlations between organic matter and nutrients,available B,Cu,Mn,Mo,S,Zn were observed.The available B,Mn,Mo,S and Se of soil were positively correlated with K^(+),while negatively correlated with SO_(4)^(2-).The chalkiness,gel consistency,and the amylose of rice were positively correlated with soil available B,Zn,and Fe,and protein of rice was positively correlated with available Mo of the soil.In summary,the soil in Tianjin Xiaozhan rice planting area has the characteristics of alkaline and mild salinization.And the content of soil nutrients and trace elements is relatively rich,and the quality of Xiaozhan ri

关 键 词：土壤质量 盐碱化 微量元素 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]