生成式人工智能算法下行政法律关系主体地位的消解与回归——以ChatGPT为例  

The Disintegration and Regression of Subject Status in Administrative Legal Relations Under Generative Artificial Intelligence Algorithms——A Case Study of ChatGPT

作　　者：朱志权[1] 尹茂凤 ZHU Zhiquan;YIN Maofeng(School of Grammar and Arts,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学文法与艺术学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《重庆科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期67-79,共13页Journal of Chongqing university of science and technology(social science edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“生态文明视野下自然资源资产产权法律制度研究”(21ZDA091);江西省社会科学规划项目“公益林之管制性征收研究”(24FX03)。

摘　　要：数字政府建设是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、完善服务型政府的重要举措。以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能的出现,为加快我国数字政府建设提供了有利契机。将ChatGPT类生成式人工智能算法嵌入数字政府建设,既能带来正向的功能价值,也能引发对行政法中“人”的主体性地位的冲击。通过对ChatGPT算法权力的行使和运行,可能超越、背离或独立于行政法律关系主体的权力(利),引发主体性地位危机,包括对行政主体权力的解构以及对行政相对人行政权利的消解。因此,应慎重选择智能化决策范围,强化行政相对人知情同意保护权,赋予行政相对人算法解释请求权,明确“责任链条”中的各方责任。s:The construction of digital government is a key measure for modernization of national governance system and governance capacity and building a service-oriented government.The emergence of generative artificial intelligence as represented by ChatGPT offers a beneficial opportunity to accelerate China’s construction of digital government.Integration of ChatGPT-like generative artificial intelligence algorithms into the construction of digital government not only brings positive functional values but also triggers an impact on the subjective status of"humans"in administrative law.The exercise and operation of ChatGPT algorithmic power may exceed,deviate from,or be independent of the power(right)of the subjects of administrative legal relations,triggering a crisis of subjective status,including deconstruction of power of administrative subjects and disintegration of administrative rights of administrative counterparts.Therefore,we should carefully select scope of intelligent decision-making,strengthen protection of right to informed consent of administrative counterparts,endow administrative counterparts with the right to request algorithmic explanations,and clarify responsibilities of all parties in the“responsibility chain”.

关 键 词：ChatGPT 生成式人工智能 数字政府 算法权力 主体地位 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]