马克思是“大写的哲学家”吗?——基于马恩经典论著对罗蒂的反驳  

Is Marx an“Uppercase Philosopher”?——The Refutation of Rorty Based on the Classic Works of Marx and Engels

作　　者：王伟[1] WANG Wei(Institute of Literature,Fujian Academy of Social Sciences,Fuzhou 350001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建社会科学院文学所,福州350001

出　　处：《重庆科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期102-109,共8页Journal of Chongqing university of science and technology(social science edition)

基　　金：福建社会科学院项目“理查德·罗蒂的马克思主义观解析与批判”(52240305)。

摘　　要：在《后哲学文化》一书中,罗蒂把哲学划分为“小写哲学”与“大写哲学”两种类型。前者钻研万事万物的广泛联系,后者则追问规范概念的不变本质。而大写哲学中,在何谓真理问题上又存在神与巨人之间的分歧,即先验哲学与经验哲学、柏拉图主义与实证主义之间的论争。罗蒂认为马克思是大写的哲学家,将其归入经验哲学与实证主义阵营,批评他在反对上帝方面半途而废,赶走了上帝之神却迎来了科学之神,仍然崇尚永恒之物与一劳永逸的真理。这一看法忽视了经典马克思主义对唯物辩证法的阐发与诠释,对启蒙理性、费尔巴哈的永恒道德以及杜林、蒲鲁东等人的永恒真理的有力批判。与罗蒂主张互文性的真理而拒绝思考真理的动因不同的是,马克思主义尤为强调政治、经济、科技等社会实践因素对真理形成的推动作用。In Post-Philosophical Culture,Rorty divides philosophy into lowercase philosophy and uppercase Philosophy.The former delves into the general interconnectedness of everything,while the latter questions the unchanging nature of normative concepts.In uppercase Philosophy,there are discrepancies between gods and giants on the question of what is truth,including the disputes between transcendental philosophy and empirical philosophy,Platonism and positivism.Rorty regarded Marx as an uppercase Philosopher and placed him in the school of empirical philosophy and positivism,criticizing him for his half-way opposition to God,driving out the god of God but welcoming the god of science,still advocating eternal things and once-and-for-all truths.This view ignores the illustration and interpretation of materialist dialectics in classical Marxism,the powerful criticism of enlightenment reason,the eternal truths of Dühring and Proudhon,and the eternal morality of Feuerbach.Different from Rorty’s insistence on intertextuality and refusal to think about truths,Marxism especially emphasizes the role of political,economic,scientific and technological,and other social practice factors in promoting the formation of truth.

关 键 词：罗蒂 大写哲学 新实用主义 马克思 唯物辩证法 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]