城市建成环境对母婴健康的影响——研究综述与展望  

The Impact of Urban Built Environment on Maternal Health and Birth Outcomes:Research Progress and Prospects

作　　者：王兰[1] 雷安妮 张钰彤 贾颖慧 苗茂华 WANG Lan;LEI Anni;ZHANG Yutong;JIA Yinghui;MIAO Maohua(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Institute of Public Health and Policy Research,Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies,Shanghai 200125)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092 [2]上海市生物医药技术研究院公共健康与政策研究所,上海200125

出　　处：《中国园林》2025年第1期23-30,共8页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室(同济大学)暨上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司联合自主课题(KY-2022-LH-A03)。

摘　　要：在健康城市的规划建设中,建成环境对母婴健康的支撑非常重要,但在中国学界和实践中暂未得到足够重视。以母婴健康中的孕妇(女性孕期)健康和妊娠结局(婴儿出生)为表征,以知网、Web of Science和PubMed等数据库为基础,搜索城市建成环境与这2类健康结果的关联研究,开展综述以综合呈现该领域研究进展。已有研究揭示了归一化植被指数(NDVI,或称绿量)和绿地率等绿色空间指标、道路密度和可步行性等道路交通指标,以及医疗设施可获得性等公共服务设施指标对孕妇健康和妊娠结局的重要作用,其作用机制包括空气污染和噪声等健康风险、体力活动和社交活动等健康行为,以及医疗护理等健康资源三大类。探讨了已有研究在建成环境和孕妇健康测度等方面的缺失点,提出了增补绿色空间类型等测度指标、构建孕妇健康时序数据集等未来研究方向,以期从城乡规划和风景园林学科角度为保障母婴健康作出贡献。Against the backdrop of China's increasingly challenging population problem,promoting maternal health and birth outcomes is one of the key measures to address population issues.Studies in public health,clinical medicine,and environmental science have confirmed that environmental factors such as temperature,air pollution,and noise can have an impact on the health of pregnant women and infants.From the perspective of healthy city planning,the built environment plays an essential yet often overlooked role in supporting maternal health and birth outcomes.In recent years,there are empirical studies have also pointed out the impact of urban built environments such as green spaces,transport facilities,and public facilities on maternal and child health,the impact of urban built environment on maternal health and birth outcomes still lack of an overview that demonstrates current research progress,which has hindered us from a panoramic understanding of this specific research field.Using pregnancy complications and birth outcomes as indicators of maternal and child health,this research attempts to work through a comprehensive literature review using databases such as CNKI,Web of Science,and PubMed,systematically explores the association between the urban built environment and health outcomes of pregnant women and offspring,aiming to provide a detailed synthesis of the research to date.The findings imply a significant influence of green space metrics such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and green space rate,road traffic measures including road density and walkability,and the availability of public service facilities,especially medical facilities,on maternal and pregnancy health.These impacts manifest through three primary mechanisms:risk factors of health(e.g.,air pollution and noise),health behaviors(e.g.,physical activity and social participation),and health resources(e.g.,accessibility of medical services).From the perspective of measuring the built environment,existing research mainly focuses on explor

关 键 词：风景园林 健康城市 城市景观 建成环境 孕妇健康 妊娠结局 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]