融合景观特征识别和城乡梯度分析的滨水生境网络构建方法——以江苏省昆山市为例  

Construction Method of Waterfront Habitat Network that Integrates Landscape Character Identification and Urban-rural Gradient Analysis:A Case Study of Kunshan City in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：王敏[1] 余谦益 汪洁琼[3] WANG Min;YU Qianyi;WANG Jieqiong(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Department of Landscape Architecture,College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院党委,上海200092 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092 [3]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系,上海200092

出　　处：《中国园林》2025年第1期117-124,共8页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178053);上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会2023年度重点科研项目(沪建科2023-Z02-005);自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心开放性创新项目(CXZX202401)。

摘　　要：高度异质性是城市生态系统的重要特征,一方面影响城市生物多样性和景观地方性的形成,另一方面是导致生物多样性丧失的风险之一。从城乡梯度和景观地方性特征角度切入,探索如何在生境网络构建过程中响应城市空间异质性特征,实现生境及生物多样性分类保护提升。以江苏省昆山市为例,响应城乡梯度景观特征,提取获得9种典型地方性滨水景观类型并分析其生境特征,据此选取白鹭、泽陆蛙、池杉作为指示物种,爬梳文献构建多物种生境适宜性评价指标体系;运用ArcGIS进行多物种生境适宜性评价,并对结果进行K-Means聚类分析,得到6类复合生境组合,其中4类属于滨水生境并呈现城乡梯度特征。在此基础上,依托昆山现有连通度较高的蓝绿空间网络构建形成响应城乡梯度景观特征的滨水生境网络,并提出针对性的分类发展策略,为高密度城市的生物多样性保护提供重要基础支撑。The high heterogeneity of urban ecosystems shapes urban biodiversity and landscape particularity.However,in the context of rapid urban development and intensified habitat fragmentation,there is an urgent need to construct a habitat network that responds to the characteristics of urban spatial heterogeneity,so as to achieve classified protection and enhancement of habitats and biodiversity.Taking Kunshan City in Jiangsu Province as an example,the research identified waterfront landscape feature factors from the dimensions of water,greenery and urban environment based on the spatial structure of the waterfront belt and other water body characteristics,and extracted typical local waterfront landscape types.Based on the habitat characteristics of these typical landscape types,indicator species with different urban adaptability and migration capabilities that can best indicate the waterfront habitat types of Kunshan City were selected.The study collated data on their habits and habitat requirements and constructed a habitat suitability evaluation system from the perspectives of habitat environment suitability and human activity disturbance.Multi-species suitability evaluation was then conducted on the ArcGIS platform,and K-Means clustering analysis was applied to the evaluation results to obtain several urban-rural composite habitat types that reflect urban-rural gradient characteristics.Based on the clustering results and the corresponding landscape features of composite habitats,typical waterfront habitat types were formed,and a grading classification system for waterfront habitat patches was established.Relying on the existing well-connected blue-green space network in Kunshan,a waterfront habitat network that reflects the urban-rural gradient landscape characteristics was constructed,and targeted classification development strategies for waterfront habitats were proposed,providing a basis for the refined guidance and control of urban habitat units at the mesoscale.The results showed:1)Based on remote sensing image

关 键 词：风景园林 滨水生境 生物多样性 景观特征识别 城乡梯度 网络构建 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]