清代江南园林中的女性生活及其人文建构——基于随园女弟子诗文的解析  

Women's Life and Its Humanistic Construction in Jiangnan Gardens in Qing Dynasty:An Analysis Based on the Poems and Essays of Female Disciples of Suiyuan

作　　者：肖婕 赵纪军[2,3] XIAO Jie;ZHAO Jijun(Changsha Urban Development Group Co.LTD,Changsha 410006;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074;Hubei Urbanization Engineering and Technology Research Center,Key Laboratory of Urban Simulation,Ministry of Natural Resources)

机构地区：[1]长沙城市发展集团有限公司,长沙410006 [2]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,武汉430074 [3]华中科技大学湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心/自然资源部城市仿真重点实验室

出　　处：《中国园林》2025年第1期146-152,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52078227)。

摘　　要：园诗、园记等文本是园林空间中相关活动的产物,园林空间则被这种文化再现赋予特定而丰富的意义蕴含。前者是“空间中的文学”,后者为“文学中的空间”,两者互为表里。借此双重视角,考察清代文学大家袁枚女性门徒随园女弟子所作的与园林相关的诗文,追溯其中有关女性园林活动的场景片段,揭示各种园林生活及其与园林空间的互动。及至清代,园林活动空间逐步纳入女性角色,是历史时空流变与社会文化嬗变的结果。随园女弟子则借由请业、雅集、悠游等活动实现了开展园林活动的主体地位,建立了抒写身心的能动与自觉。同时,探索随园女弟子园林活动与园林空间及相关文本的耦合关系,亦可深化对于江南园林时空体验中的性别内涵与女性特质的理解。Texts such as garden poems and garden records are products of related activities in garden spaces,possessing the power to guide users'behaviors and shape their ideologies.Garden spaces,in turn,are endowed with specific and rich meanings through this cultural representation.The former can be seen as"literature in space",while the latter is"space in literature",mutually informing each other.Through this dual perspective,this paper examined the garden-related poems and essays composed by the female disciples of Yuan Mei,a renowned literary figure in the Qing Dynasty,at Suiyuan Garden,traces scenes of female garden activities,and revealed various aspects of female garden life and their interactions with garden spaces.During the Qing Dynasty,garden activity spaces began to include female roles,a development influenced by historical shifts,temporal changes and sociocultural evolution.Particularly,garden construction flourished in the economically prosperous and culturally rich areas of the lower Yangtze River region,with the paradigm shifting from the belief that"a woman without talent is virtuous"to the notion that"virtue begets talent,and talent enhances virtue",which could be attributed to Yuan Mei's advocacy of the"theory of natural spirit"along with his philosophy of"teaching without discrimination".These factors not only nurtured a group of female disciples at Suiyuan Garden but also provided them with a more relaxed social environment.Literary retreats,rivers,lakes,and even famous cultural sites offered them spaces to pursue education,engage in scholarly discussions,recite poetry,and indulge in leisurely travel and contemplation within the embrace of nature.Scholarly activities conducted in private residences gave rise to a paradigm of female garden activities such as the composition of landscape essays.Within these confined yet publicized communication spaces,gender barriers that previously hindered female disciples in their quest for knowledge and wisdom were dissolved.The poetic infusion of gardens,from the s

关 键 词：风景园林 随园女弟子 闺秀诗文 女性与园林 园林活动 袁枚 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]