生物炭添加对亏缺灌溉玉米光合荧光生理参数的补偿效应  

Compensation effect of biochar addition on the photosynthetic fluorescence physiological parameters of corn under deficit irrigation

作　　者：张晓敏 杨威[2,3,4] 屈忠义 张栋良[1] 王丽萍 李羿辛[1] ZHANG Xiaomin;YANG Wei;QU Zhongyi;ZHANG Dongliang;WANG Liping;LI Yixin(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;College of Grassland Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources Ministry of Education,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农业大学草业学院,呼和浩特010011 [3]内蒙古农业大学草地资源教育部重点实验室,呼和浩特010011 [4]黄河流域内蒙段水资源与水环境综合治理自治区协同创新中心,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第24期89-97,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201202);国家自然科学基金项目(52109056,52279037);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0015);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才发展项目(NJYT23102);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021BS05003);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR22-13-12)。

摘　　要：玉米生长中后期极易受到土壤水分亏缺胁迫的影响,施用生物炭是改善土壤水分条件、调节作物生长生理表现的有效途径。为探究生物炭对中后期亏缺灌溉玉米光合与荧光生理特征的影响规律,该研究采用测坑原位控制试验,设计生物炭(施用量0、30 t/hm^(2))与灌溉程度(土壤含水量分别保持田间持水率95%±5%(充分灌溉)、70%±5%(中度亏缺灌溉)、50%±5%(重度亏缺灌溉))共计6个组合处理。在作物抽穗-灌浆期控制土壤水分条件持续27 d,测定并分析玉米叶片气体交换参数、叶绿素快速荧光诱导动力学OJIP曲线参数和内源激素的响应特征及其相互关系。结果表明:随着水分亏缺胁迫时间的延长,亏缺灌溉不同程度地诱导叶片合成大量脱落酸,叶绿素相对含量减少,气孔导度和净光合速率降低。重度亏缺灌溉导致光系统II(Photosystem II,PSII)部分功能失活,电子传递受阻,叶绿素快速荧光诱导动力学OJIP曲线I-P相的最大荧光强度受到不同程度的降低。重度亏缺灌溉条件下,生物炭添加的叶片脱落酸含量较未添加生物炭处理降低21.89%~52.15%,生长素含量增加47.77%~82.63%,净光合速率提高1.66%~32.63%,PSII最大光化学量子产量、PSII潜在光化学活性、电子传递速率、性能指数提高。应用生物炭在一定程度上通过调节脱落酸和生长素含量,提高PSII光能转化与电子传递效率,进而改善光合荧光性能,缓解重度亏缺灌溉对玉米叶绿体和PSII的受损程度,提高玉米中后期的耐旱能力。Drought has been one of the most harmful abiotic stress to crop growth and development.The growth and physical performance of corn is susceptible to water deficit stress in the middle and late crop stages.Crop straw-derived biochar has been commonly recognized as the soil amendment in agriculture production.The carbon-rich product can be characterized by the loose and porous,high surface area,and oxygen-rich functional groups.The application of biochar in soil can be expected to improve the soil physical and chemical conditions.Better crop physiological performance can also achieve to promote the crop growth and yield.However,it is still unclear on the effects of biochar on photosynthetic fluorescence of corn grown under deficit irrigation in the middle and late stages.Therefore,this study aims to clarify the compensating effect of biochar additions on corn leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fast fluorescence induction kinetic parameters.The physiological regulation mechanism of corn was also determined to cope with different deficit irrigation regimes.An in-situ test-pit control experiment was carried out in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,China in May to October in 2023.The 2×3 factorial combinations were set as the biochar rates[0 and 30 t/hm^(2)(B)]and irrigation regimes(field water-holding capacity) 95%±5%(well-watered irrigation,WW),70%±5%(moderate water-deficit irrigation,MD),50%±5%(severe water-deficit irrigation,SD).A total of six individual treatments(BWW,WW,BMD,MD,BSD,and SD)were then selected.Soil moisture treatment was lasted for 27 days in the heading-filling period.The responsive characteristics and their relationships were determined,including the leaf gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll fast fluorescence induction kinetic parameters,chlorophyll fast fluorescence induction kinetic OJIP curves,abscisic acid and indole acetic acid in corn leaves.The parameters were sampled and then measured at days 3,13 and 22 after water control.The results showed that the deficit irrigation was induced the synthesis of a

关 键 词：生物炭 节水灌溉 玉米 叶片气体交换 叶绿素荧光 脱落酸 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]