不同管理方式下干旱风沙区荒漠草原土壤性状变化及质量评价  

Soil properties and quality evaluation of desert steppe under different management measures in arid windy and sandy areas

作　　者：马菁 周瑶 陆琪 马静利 刘进娣 马红彬[1] MA Jing;ZHOU Yao;LU Qi;MA Jingli;LIU Jindi;MA Hongbin(School of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Agricultural Economy and Information Technology Research Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业经济与信息技术研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第24期106-116,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32371783);宁夏中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023FRD05035);自治区农业科技自主创新专项科技创新引导项目(NKYJ-20-11)。

摘　　要：明确不同管理方式对草地土壤质量的影响对草地科学管理具有重要意义。为了明确不同管理方式对干旱风沙区荒漠草原土壤理化生性状和土壤质量的影响,该研究以宁夏东部干旱风沙区荒漠草原为对象,研究禁牧封育、暖季轮牧、自由放牧、柠条种植4种不同管理方式对土壤理化及生物学性质的影响,分析土壤因子间的相关性,借助最小数据集和土壤质量指数对不同管理方式下草地土壤质量综合状况进行评价。结果表明:1)禁牧封育、暖季轮牧草地的土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量及土壤含水率总体高于自由放牧、柠条种植草地;土壤容重和速效磷含量反之;土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷总体在自由放牧草地较高,柠条种植草地较低;不同管理方式草地土壤酶活性变化规律不一致。2)土壤物理、化学和生物学性质间相互作用,共同影响并决定着荒漠草原土壤质量。3)最小数据集可以替代总数据集对不同管理方式荒漠草原土壤质量进行评价。基于最小数据集评价的荒漠草原土壤质量指数呈现禁牧封育>暖季轮牧>自由放牧>柠条种植草地。研究认为,在干旱风沙区荒漠草原,管理方式使土壤质量发生变化,土壤物理、化学和生物学性状具有相对一致的变化,禁牧封育和暖季轮牧措施比自由放牧和柠条种植更有利于土壤养分维持和土壤质量改善。因此,建议根据草原生态状况采取科学管理措施,对退化草原可进行一定时期的禁牧管理,而生态恢复了的草原进行合理的放牧利用,才能有利于干旱风沙区荒漠草原土壤的可持续发展。This study aims to clarify the impact of different management measures on the soil quality of grassland.The desert steppe was selected in the arid windy sandy area of eastern Ningxia,China.Four management measures were set:grazing enclosure(GE),warm season rotational grazing(WG),free grazing(FG),and Caragana korshinskii cultivation(CC).A systematic analysis was implemented on the physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of 0-10,>10-20,>20-30,and>30-40 cm soil layers.The correlations among soil factors were determined as well.The soil quality of grasslands was finally evaluated under different management measures using a minimum data set(MDS)and soil quality index(SQI).The results showed that:1)There were generally higher contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,available potassium,and soil water in the GE and WG grasslands,compared with the FG and CC grasslands.While the opposite was found in the soil bulk density and soil available phosphorus content.Soil microbial biomass C,N,and P were generally higher in the FG grasslands,while lower in the CC grasslands.There were inconsistent variations in the soil cellobiohydrolase activity,alkaline phosphatase activity,polyphenol oxidase activity,and peroxidase activity of grasslands under different management measures.2)The soil quality of desert steppe depended mainly on the soil's physical,chemical,and biological properties,and they interacted with each other.Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,and peroxidase activity were significantly positively correlated with each other,while significantly negatively correlated with the soil bulk density and available phosphorus content.Soil total nitrogen content was significantly negatively correlated to the soil microbial biomass C.Soil total phosphorus content was significantly negatively correlated to the soil alkaline phosphatase activity.Soil available phosphorus content was significantly positively correlated to the soil microbial biomass C,microbial bioma

关 键 词：干旱风沙区 荒漠草原 管理方式 土壤理化生性质 最小数据集(MDS) 土壤质量指数(SQI) 

分 类 号：S283[农业科学—农业水土工程]