可降解配色地膜降解机制及对东北春玉米产量的影响  

Degradation mechanism for degradable color-matching mulch film and its effect on the yield of spring maize in Northeast China

作　　者：闫淼宇 李颖 冯良山[3] 罗庆[2] 杨宁 刘琪[5] 陈涛涛[1] 刘家磊[5] YAN Miaoyu;LI Ying;FENG Liangshan;LUO Qing;YANG Ning;LIU Qi;CHEN Taotao;LIU Jialei(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment,Ministry of Education/School of Environment,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China;Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Plant Protection,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室/沈阳大学环境学院,沈阳110044 [3]辽宁省农业科学院,沈阳110161 [4]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110866 [5]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第24期199-207,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500904-04,2023YFD2202104,2021YFD1700700);辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2022JH2/101300159);辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2022-MS-055);沈阳市科技计划项目(21-109-3-09,22-317-2-04,23-409-2-06);兴辽英才青年拔尖人才项目(XLYC1907089)。

摘　　要：为有效解决传统聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)地膜回收困难、降解膜成本高无法大面积应用等问题,以聚乙烯地膜覆盖(PM)作为对照组,设置可降解配色地膜(CM)和生物降解地膜(DM)共3个处理,分别在沈阳市和建平县开展了原位田间试验,对CM和DM的降解性能、抗拉强度、降解率、水热效应以及其农业清洁化效益(agricultural cleaning benefit,ACB)进行了探讨。结果表明,CM白色部分(CM_(W))降解速度和降解率均低于DM;覆膜120 d,CM_(W)和DM降解率分别为77.0%、83.7%。CM黑色部分(CM_(B))最终纵向拉伸强度和横向拉伸强度分别降低18.3%和45.19%,纵向拉伸强度保持率为81.7%。CM白色部分(CM_(W))纵向拉伸强度和横向拉伸强度至成熟期分别降低66.8%和62.9%。CM在生育期内增温保墒效果优于DM。处理与地区的交互作用对产量影响不显著(P=0.460),产量受地区影响较小,CM增产效果与PM一致。经济效益分析表明,CM每公顷产生的成本比PM少390.07元,比DM少172.67元;PM回收率为87.1%,CM_(B)回收率为82.3%,无显著差异(P<0.05);DM回收率为16.4%,CM_(W)回收率为22.5%,无显著差异(P<0.05)。CM不仅具有PM的增温保墒性能和效益,还可有效减少土壤中地膜残留,利于高效回收再利用,提升农业清洁化率,为可降解环保地膜创制、使用和农业可持续生产提供科学参考和实践指导。Traditional polyethylene(PE)mulching(PM)films are difficult to degrade and recover in large-scale agricultural production.Fortunately,biodegradable,easily recyclable,and color-matching film(CM)can be expected for the agricultural sustainability and environmental protection.While current biodegradable mulching(DM)films are often costly to hinder their application.This research aimed to evaluate the degradation performance,mechanical properties,soil water-heat effects,and agricultural cleaning benefits(ACB)of CM,DM,and PM.Field experiments were conducted in Shenyang and Jianping,Liaoning Province,China.Three types of mulching films were selected as PM,DM,and CM.Among them,the CM consisted of a central black polyethylene(PE)strip that flanked by white biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate(PBAT)strips.DM was made entirely of PBAT,while PM was conventional PE.A series of experiments were designed to determine the degradation rate,tensile strength,water-heat effects,crop yield,precipitation water use efficiency(WUE),and ACB of the different mulching films.Soil temperature and moisture were measured using an ECH2O water temperature monitor.Degradation speed and mechanical strength were evaluated through visual grading and tensile tests,respectively.Field degradation rates were calculated using mass loss.The ACB was predicted to consider the purchase,recovery costs,and recovery rates.It was observed that the white PBAT sections of CM(CM_(W))was were degraded at a slower rate,compared with the DM,with a degradation rate of 77.48%after 120 days.This slight difference was attributed to the color differentiation.Specifically,the white PBAT sections were designed to degrade more slowly,in order to provide the initial soil warming,similar to the traditional PE films.The degradation rate of CM_(W) was still substantially higher than that of PM,in order to avoid the soil pollution.The black PE section of CM(CM_(B))was maintained a significant portion of its initial tensile strength,with the remaining 81.74%after 105 d

关 键 词：降解地膜 玉米 土壤温度 土壤水分 拉伸强度 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]