笼养鸭粪水酸化贮藏条件对其保肥与重金属去除的影响  

Effects of acidified storage conditions on nutrient retention and heavy metal removal in caged duck manure wastewater

作　　者：向秋豪 张琦[1] 崔宪 刘玉环[1,3] 王允圃 巫小丹 郑洪立 彭红[1] 赖江玲 李锐 刘晓成 黄娜 何幼军 阮榕生[4] XIANG Qiuhao;ZHANG Qi;CUI Xian;LIU Yuhuan;WANG Yunpu;WU Xiaodan;ZHENG Hongli;PENG Hong;LAI Jiangling;LI Rui;LIU Xiaocheng;HUANG Na;HE Youjun;RUAN Rongsheng(State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion,MOE,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330047,China;Jiangxi Tianyun Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330052,China;Chongqing Research Institute,Nanchang University,Chongqing 402660,China;Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering,Saint Paul,Minnesota 55108,USA)

机构地区：[1]食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,生物质转化教育部工程研究中心,南昌大学,南昌330047 [2]江西天韵农业开发股份有限公司,南昌330052 [3]南昌大学重庆研究院,重庆402660 [4]美国明尼苏达大学生物制品与生态工程系,美国明尼苏达圣保罗55108

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第24期208-217,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：江西天韵农业开发股份有限公司《笼养鸭粪水无害化资源化利用》横向项目;优质笼养蛋鸭无铅皮蛋提质增效技术转化应用与示范推广项目(S2024KJCGF0136);重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2022NS CQ-MSX1634,CSTB2022NS CQ-MSX0546);食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室自由探索项目(SKLF-ZZB-202321)。

摘　　要：为解决笼养鸭粪水在传统开放贮藏中氮素流失迅速、重金属残留率高,导致其失去肥效性等问题,该研究设计了一种准厌氧贮藏鸭粪水技术,设置了自然酸碱度组以及pH值分别控制为4、5、6、7等不同处理组,通过接种有效微生物(effective microorganisms,EM)和光合细菌(photosynthetic bacteria,PSB)并保持准厌氧的贮藏方法,连续12个月跟踪分析各处理鸭粪水中氮、磷、钾、碳含量以及Cu^(2+)和Zn^(2+)含量的演变规律。结果显示,在经历12个月的准厌氧贮藏后,鸭粪水中物质发生相分离,形成浮壳、液相主体和固体沉淀物三部分。不同酸度处理组的鸭粪水液相主体中主要成分含量具有非常明显的差异。在pH值为4酸性环境中,鸭粪水液相总有机碳在贮藏过程中显著积累(P<0.05);氨氮含量先上升后趋于稳定,能有效保存氮素,贮藏结束时,氨氮含量达到2785.07mg/L,显著高于其他酸度控制的处理组(P<0.05);总磷含量先下降后逐渐恢复至初始值的99.14%,表明磷元素在鸭粪水液相中的保留效果显著(P<0.05);而K^(+)含量较初始值提升了11.02%。同时鸭粪水液相中Cu^(2+)和Zn^(2+)的去除率分别达到82.02%和90.15%,能有效降低液相鸭粪水肥料化利用中存在的重金属污染风险;可见,在鸭粪水的准厌氧贮藏过程中,保持鸭粪水pH值为4,接种EM和PSB两类有益菌,对其液相主体的保肥效果最好,重金属去除效率最高,是解决规模化笼养鸭粪水肥料化利用的有效技术手段。Caged duck industry has developed rapidly to solve the pollution of water environment that caused by the free-range breeding.However,the large volumes and high moisture content can be found in the feces of caged ducks,leading to mismatch the time required for fertilizer demanding of major crops,such as paddy rice.It is often required for the storage.The conventional long-term open-storage of high moisture content duck feces(HMCDF)can lead to the rapid nitrogen escape and a prominent residue of heavy metal(Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+)).The low nitrogen content and high residual of heavy metals can cause the great loss in the value of HMCDF as a fertilizer.It is essential to promote the sustainable development of the caged duck industry.This study aims to continuously track the nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and carbon content,as well as the concentrations of Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+)in the liquid phase of HMCDF under quasi-anaerobic storage conditions for a duration of 12 months.Effective microorganisms(EM)and photosynthetic bacteria(PSB)were inoculated sequentially,with pH monitored every two weeks.Sulfuric acid was gradually added to maintain the liquid phase pH at the required experimental levels.Phase separation occurred in the substances in HMCDF after 12 months of quasi-anaerobic storage,leading to the formation of floating layer,liquid phase,and solid sediment.There were the significant differences(P<0.05)among the different acidity treatments.The total organic carbon(TOC)in the liquid phase of HMCDF was accumulated significantly(P<0.05)in the acidic environment of pH 4.The TOC content reached 10366.67 mg/L at the end of storage;The ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content firstly increased and then stabilized,thus effectively preserving nitrogen.The NH_(4)^(+)-N content reached 2785.07 mg/L;The total phosphorus(TP)content firstly decreased and then gradually recovered to 99.14%of the initial value.The TP content reached 249.50 mg/L at the end of storage.There was the significant retention effect of phosphorus in the liquid ph

关 键 词：鸭粪水 重金属 酸化贮藏 酸度调控 EM PSB 液相组分消长规律 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]