生长调节剂和密度对马铃薯种薯繁育效益的影响  

Effects of growth regulating substances and density on the efficiency of seed potato multiplication

作　　者：饶莉萍 邹雪 陈年伟 余韩开宗 刘丽芳 丁凡 RAO Liping;ZOU Xue;CHEN Nianwei;YU Hankaizong;LIU Lifang;DING Fan(Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Science,Mianyang 621023,Sichuan,China;Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Science/Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Mianyang 621023,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]绵阳市农业科学研究院,四川绵阳621023 [2]绵阳市农业科学研究院·厅市共建作物特色资源创制及应用四川省重点实验室,四川绵阳621023

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第2期115-122,共8页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：四川省科技厅育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0019);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川薯类创新团队项目(sccxtd-2022-09);绵阳市农业科学研究院创新基金项目(cxjj74)。

摘　　要：为了探究生长调节剂和密度对马铃薯种薯繁育效益的影响,以品种黑美人和费乌瑞它的原种为材料,设置CK(4000株·667 m^(-2))、T1(6000株·667 m^(-2))、T2(8000株·667 m^(-2))、T3(4000株·667 m^(-2),喷施50 mg·L^(-1)GA3和30 mg·L^(-1)ABA)、T4(4000株·667 m^(-2),喷施50 mg·L^(-1)GA3、30 mg·L^(-1)ABA和60μg·L^(-1)BR)共5个处理,连续2年研究对马铃薯生长形态、产量、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施生长调控物质后,株高显著增加,而叶片单位面积的质量则显著下降。同时,相较于使用生长调节剂,提高种植密度对增产的促进作用更为明显,黑美人2020年以T1产量最高,比对照增产69.91%,2021年以T2产量最高,增产62.38%,费乌瑞它2年中均以T2产量最高,2020、2021年分别增产82.93%、44.36%,各处理下两品种的干物质、花青素含量无显著差异,淀粉、维生素C、还原糖、粗蛋白含量为黑美人变化显著,费乌瑞它无显著差异。综上所述,8000株·667 m^(-2)为黑美人和费乌瑞它适宜种植密度,有效种薯产量分别为2 158.82 kg·667 m^(-2)和2 790.63 kg·667 m^(-2),预估产值分别达3 892.28元·667 m^(-2)和4 268.89元·667 m^(-2)。To investigate the effects of growth regulating substances and density on the efficiency of seed potato multipli-cation,the original seed tubers of the varieties Heimeiren and Favorita were used as materials.Five treatments including CK(4000 plants·667 m^(-2)),T1(6000 plants·667 m^(-2)),T2(8000 plants·667 m^(-2)),T3(4000 plants·667 m^(-2),and sprayed with 50 mg·L^(-1) GA3 and 30 mg·L^(-1) ABA),T4(4000 plants·667 m^(-2),and sprayed with 50 mg·L^(-1) GA3,30 mg·L^(-1) ABA and 60μg·L^(-1) BR)were set up,and their effects on potato growth morphology,yield,quality,and economic benefits were studied for two consecutive years.The results showed that compared to CK,the application of growth control treatments significantly increased plant height and significantly decreased leaf mass per unit area.Meanwhile,increasing planting density had a more pronounced effect on yield improvement compared to the use of growth regulators.For Heimeiren,the highest yield in 2020 was observed under T1,which increased by 69.91%compared to CK,while in 2021,the highest yield was under T2,with a 62.38%increase.For Favorita,T2 produced the the highest yields in both years,with increases of 82.93%in 2020 and 44.36%in 2021.Across all treatments,there were no significant differences in dry mater and anthocyanin content for both varieties.However,starch,vitamin C,reducing sugar,and crude protein content showed significant changes in Heimeiren but no significant changes in Favorita.In summary,8000 plants·667 m^(-2) was the suitable planting density for Heimeiren and Favorita,with yields of 2158.82 kg·667 m^(-2) and 2790.63 kg·667 m^(-2),respectively,and the estimated production value amounted to 3892.28 Yuan·667 m^(-2) and 4268.89 Yuan·667 m^(-2),respectively.

关 键 词：马铃薯种薯 水肥 生长调控物质 种植密度 品质 繁育效率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]