重金属Cd在5种蔬菜-土壤系统中的富集差异及安全阈值研究  

Study of safety limits and differential enrichment of cadmium in five vegetable-soil systems

作　　者：孙芯 高杨[1] 周钰潇 孙晋涛 潘声旺[1,2] SUN Xin;GAO Yang;ZHOU Yuxiao;SUN Jintao;PAN Shengwang(Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,Sichuan,China;Key Laboratory of Low-cost Rural Environmental Treatment Technology in Education Department of Sichuan Province,Dazhou 635000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]成都大学,成都610106 [2]乡村低成本环境治理技术四川省高校重点实验室,四川达州635000

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第2期157-163,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：四川省农村发展研究中心资助项目(CR2001);乡村低成本环境治理技术四川省高校重点实验室开放基金项目(XCH2023ZA-01);成都大学2022年校级实验教学研究与改革项目(cdsyjg2022004)。

摘　　要：为了解成都平原5种主流蔬菜(油麦菜、生菜、小白菜、萝卜和莴笋)对土壤镉(Cd)富集能力的种间差异,评价土壤Cd污染的富集风险及潜在食品安全隐患,建立成都平原主流蔬菜产地的土壤Cd安全阈值,通过盆栽模拟试验对比5种蔬菜在5个Cd污染水平(0.13、0.20、0.32、0.73及1.02 mg·kg^(-1))下对土壤Cd的富集与转运能力,揭示其潜在的健康风险,阐明土壤Cd安全阈值。在试验浓度(0.13~1.02 mg·kg^(-1))范围内,5种蔬菜在不同污染浓度下对Cd的富集量及富集系数存在显著差异,其中莴笋最高,油麦菜最低;生菜、萝卜、小白菜3种蔬菜的富集系数的波动性和变异性大。低污染水平(0.13、0.20、0.32 mg·kg^(-1))下,5种蔬菜对成人未构成健康风险,而莴笋在0.32 mg·kg^(-1)水平下对儿童存在潜在的健康风险。就成都平原而言,油麦菜、生菜、小白菜、萝卜的土壤Cd安全阈值为0.32 mg·kg^(-1),莴笋的土壤Cd安全阈值为0.20 mg·kg^(-1)。不同土壤Cd污染水平下,蔬菜中Cd含量和富集系数具有种间差异,种植时应参考健康风险评价和安全阈值,保障蔬菜安全生产,加快绿色农业发展进程。To probe the inter-species differences in soil cadmium(Cd)bio-accumulation capacity of five mainstream vege-tables(Romaine lettuce,Cos lettuce,pakchoi,oleander,and lettuce)in Chengdu plain,and to evaluate the risk of bio-accu-mulation and potential food safety hazards of Cd contamination in soils,a safety threshold value of soil Cd was estab-lished for the mainstream vegetable production areas in Chengdu plain,and their ability for accumulating and transporting for soil Cd at five Cd contamination levels(0.13,0.20,0.32,0.73,and 1.02 mg·kg^(-1))were compared in a potted plant ex-periment.In the range of test concentrations(0.13-1.02 mg·kg^(-1)),the enrichment amount and enrichment coefficient of Cd for these five vegetables at different pollution concentrations were significantly different,with lettuce being the high-est and Romaine lettuce being the lowest.Fluctuation and variability of enrichment coefficients for three vegetables:Cos lettuce,pakchoi and oleander.The bio-accumulation ability and bio-accumulation coefficient of lettuce were the highest in the low contamination levels(0.13,0.20,0.32 mg·kg^(-1)),the five vegetables did not pose a health risk to adults,while let-tuce posed a potential health risk to children at the 0.32 mg·kg^(-1) level.For the Chengdu plain,the soil Cd safety thresh-olds for Romaine lettuce,Cos lettuce,pakchoi,and oleander were 0.32 mg·kg^(-1),and those for lettuce were 0.20 mg·kg^(-1).Under various Cd pollution levels of soil,plants cadmium levels and bio-accumulation coefficients vary inter-specifically.Safety limits and health risk assessments should be referred to guarantee safe vegetable production and hasten the growth of green agriculture.

关 键 词：蔬菜 土壤 镉 富集差异 安全阈值 风险评价 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]