基于硫电极设计实现贫电解液锂硫电池的最新研究进展  

Recent research progress of lithium sulfur batteries under lean electrolyte based on sulfur electrode design

作　　者：陈雪 蒋光辉 欧阳全胜 邵姣婧 CHEN Xue;JIANG Guanghui;OUYANG Quansheng;SHAO Jiaojing(Advanced Batteries and Materials Engineering Research Center,Guizhou Light Industry Technical College,Guiyang 561113,China;Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Used Power Batteries Recycling,Guiyang 561113,China;Graphene Materials Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Colleges and Universities,Guiyang 56113,China;School of Materials and Metallurgy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 56113,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州轻工职业技术学院先进电池与材料工程研究中心,贵州贵阳561113 [2]废旧动力电池梯次利用及资源化省级协同创新中心,贵州贵阳561113 [3]贵州省普通高等学校石墨烯材料工程研究中心,贵州贵阳561113 [4]贵州大学材料与冶金学院,贵州贵阳561113

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2025年第2期1-13,共13页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：贵州轻工职业技术学院自然科学研究项目(24QYGCC02);贵州省科学技术基金资助项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般608,黔科合基础-[2018]1086,黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2023]016)。

摘　　要：锂硫电池因其高的理论能量密度而受到广泛关注,被认为是极具潜力的下一代储能装置。虽然在过去的十几年里其电性能已显著提升,但目前大多数测试时仍然使用过量的电解液。高电解液用量不仅会增加电池的制作成本,还会降低其实际能量密度,不利于商业化应用。因此,开发兼具贫电解液用量和优异电化学性能特性的锂硫电池尤为关键。基于此,概述了锂硫电池在贫电解液条件下的困境,且详细讨论了基于硫电极设计以减少电解液用量的途径:1)优化电极孔隙率和离子传导,以降低锂离子的传输路径并提升传输能力;2)引入金属基或非金属基催化剂,增强活性物质在贫液条件下的反应动力学;3)开发新型活性材料,规避在贫液条件下因大量多硫化锂溶解于电解液带来的电池性能恶化问题。最后,针对构筑贫电解液高能量密度锂硫电池,提出了进一步优化正极设计的相关展望。Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)have attracted considerable attention as promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their high theoritical energy density.Although the electrochemical performance of LSBs has been signifi-cantly enhanced over the past decade,most of their test condition is based on excessive electrolyte usage.High electrolyte usage not only increases the manufacturing cost of batteries but also reduces their actual energy density,Which is detrimen-tal to commercial applications of LSBs.Therefore,it is especially critical to develop LSBs that combine low electrolyte usage with excellent electrochemical performance.The challenges faced by LSBs under lean electrolyte conditions were outlined and the approaches based on sulfur electrode design to reduce electrolyte usage were discussed in detail:1)optimizing elec-trode porosity and ion conduction to shorten the transport path of lithium ions and enhance their conductivity;2)introducing meta-based or nonmetallic-based catalysis to enhance the reaction kinetics of active materials under lean electrolyte condi-tions;3)developing novel active materials to avoid the degradation of battery performance caused by the large amount of lithium polysulfides dissolved in the electrolyte under lean electrolyte conditions.Finally,the perspectives on further opti-mizing the design of sulfur cathode to develop high-energy-density LSBs with lean electrolyte were proposed.

关 键 词：锂硫电池 硫电极设计 贫电解液 

分 类 号：TQ152[化学工程—电化学工业]